This paper deals with distributed computing systems, as well as distributed data storage systems. Given the existing internal threats to such systems. The paper proposes a confidential search algorithm for distributed systems based on fully homomorphic encryption. This algorithm allows you to perform a search operation in the nodes of a distributed system without decrypting the information in them.

In this paper, the method of reference modeling is considered, designed for calculation, analysis and mathematical modeling of nonlinear physical phenomena and technological processes. The advantages of this method, the possibility of its application in the entire range of basic parameters of a nonlinear problem, the uniformity of the design scheme for all types of problems are formulated. The proposed method is used to create models of convective diffusion in an inhomogeneous medium, scattering of thermal electrons in a field with central symmetry, and the behavior of electrical conductivity depending on temperature and dielectric permittivity of wide-band semiconductors. The problem of calculating the transparency of a potential barrier that a particle hits, considered as a test, gave a good result (an error in the range of 0.8-1.2%). In this paper, the main features of using the reference modeling method for solving nonlinear differential equations are demonstrated. The obtained results of analysis and modeling allow us to confidently assess the reliability of the general ideas of the reference modeling method, its design scheme, as well as the convergence of its decompositions, the similarity criteria of the system under study and the selected model. The method proposed in this paper, taking into account its approbation in various conditions, can serve as a basis for application in the study of nonlinear problems of various nature, finding approximate solutions to nonlinear differential equations.

Medical information systems and reference approaches in developing their information models are increasingly based on principles that model three different types of information: patient data, terminology, and medical decision support. Well-defined interfaces are required between these three model types. The main problems that arise when defining such interfaces are the interactions between ontological and logical conclusions. The paper presents a concept-driven software development approach, where conceptual primitives are appropriately provided to define static, dynamic, and conversational aspects.

The rank of a number in a residue number system indicates the count of transitions through a range when a number is converted to a positional number system and allows for more efficient non-modular operations and detection of values out of range. The main approach to calculate the rank is the use of the Chinese Remainder Theorem. In this article the approach which allows to compute the rank using a set of special numbers for which ranks are computed in advance is proposed. The simulation of the considered methods is done in the Python programming language. The results are analyzed and recommendations for further use of the proposed method are given.

Traffic congestion is a serious problem in many cities, resulting in lost time, increased air pollution, and reduced quality of life. In the past few years, time series models have been widely used to predict traffic flows and congestion. This study analyzes traffic data collected over several years and develops a predictive model based on time series analysis techniques. The model takes into account various factors that contribute to congestion, such as time of day, day of the week, and junction. The results show that the model effectively predicts traffic congestion with a high degree of accuracy, which can be used to make rational decisions and reduce urban traffic congestion.

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the fault tolerance of the InvSubBytes procedure of SPN converters. Describes the possibility of applying a corrective code in a polynomial system of residue classes as a tool for detecting and eliminating the consequences of failures in the operation of replacement blocks.

Conflicts accompany projects in the oil and gas industry throughout all stages of their life cycle. Some conflicts contribute to achieving the goals of the project and improve its overall effectiveness; some may become an obstacle to its implementation. This can lead to delays, non-fulfillment of tasks and disruption of project deadlines. The present study is aimed at studying one of the stages of development of the South Pars gas field located in Asaluyeh, Iran. The results of the study focus on key issues related to the complexity of the project and conflicts that need to be resolved during its implementation. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the project conflict and its complexity, which are revealed in the relationship between contractors and the company. In this paper, the organizational and technical system representing the South Pars gas field located in Asaluyeh, Iran, is chosen as the object of research. The data obtained from twelve experienced project specialists of various levels with work experience from 20 to 25 years were used as sources of information. The data obtained were processed using the Leximancer program and, based on the results of the study, conclusions and directions for conflict resolution were formulated. The results obtained indicate that the three main factors of conflict in the implementation of a project in the oil and gas industry, which lead to its complexity, are sanctions, time and cost of the project. In addition, the following also have a significant impact on the conflict: the scope of activity and intra-organizational communications.

The formation of physicochemical and rheological properties of the rehydrated dairy systems «skimmed milk powder – demineralized whey powder» was studied depending on the parameters and duration of ultrasonic treatment, as well as on the percentage of replacement in solutions of skimmed milk powder with dry demineralized whey. Ternary surfaces are obtained, as well as mathematical models in the form of regression equations describing the formation of the studied properties of the reduced solutions. Optimal treatment modes were determined, as well as the percentage of replacement of skimmed milk powder with dry demineralized whey.

To date, the issues of resource conservation are of increasing concern to mankind, in this regard, the issues of the secondary use of raw materials and auxiliary materials are becoming promising. On average, food enterprises use about 50 m³ of water per se, this water in addition to the main technological process is used for auxiliary operations. The article considered standard methods of wastewater treatment from pollution and modern ways to improve the quality of treatment.

One of the main requirements for a rehydrated dairy system is stability throughout the entire shelf life. In samples of dairy systems «skimmed milk powder – demineralized whey powder» rehydrated using cavitation disintegration, the values of the zeta potential of dispersed phase particles, as well as the average hydrodynamic radius of casein micelles were studied in order to study the effect of ultrasound treatment modes, as well as the percentage of replacement of skimmed milk powder with dry demineralized whey in solution and their influence on the stability of the resulting system.

The article presents the results of determining the quality indicators of composite mixtures, semi-finished products and bread sticks based on wheat flour of the first grade, sifted rye flour in ratios of 70 and 30 parts; 80 and 20 parts and powderes of large-fruited and small-fruited varieties of tomatoes at a dosage of 1–9 % by weight of the flour mixture. An increase in the titratable acidity of composite mixtures, dough and baked products was noted with an increase in the amount of tomato powders while the wettability of products remained virtually unchanged. A suspension of powderes of large-fruited and small-fruited tomatoes activated the processes of gas formation, which made it possible to improve the dough process. No significant differences were found between the quality indicators of samples of mixtures and bread sticks when using powder from large-fruited or small-fruited tomatoes, as well as at different ratios of wheat and rye flour, but with the same dosages of enrichment. It is proposed to use the powder of large-fruited varieties of tomatoes in the amount of 7% for the activation of yeast in the production of functional bread sticks.

Cottage cheese and its products have high biological value due to the full-fledged protein included in it, represented by all essential amino acids. However, the fiber content of such articles is extremely low. In accordance with TR TS 022/2011, the quantitative value of dietary fiber is included in the calculation of the nutritional and energy value of products. Dietary fibers positively affect the work of the gastrointestinal tract, normalize cholesterol metabolism, participate in the elimination of heavy metal salts from the body, therefore, pectin is used in the diets of therapeutic and preventive nutrition. The article is devoted to the development of a curd semifinished product with a high content of dietary fiber. The food fibre source is represented by the use of natural apple pectin introduced in various dosages into curd cheesecakes instead of prime grade wheat flour. Organoleptic quality parameters were carried out and the best experimental sample was selected, which was subsequently frozen under shock freezing conditions and after storage in a refrigeration chamber, was examined for compliance with organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological safety parameters. Analytical calculations were carried out on the content of dietary fiber and integral scrap in the developed curd semi-finished product. A 6-fold increase in dietary fiber content compared to the control has been proven. The iron content was increased by 4.8%, which is associated with the peculiarities of the mineral composition of the introduced natural apple pectin. The regulated quality and safety indicators when storing curd semi-finished products using apple pectin for 30 days did not change and corresponded to the data of regulatory documents. Thanks to the research done, a curd product with functional properties and high quality and safety indicators was obtained, which can be recommended for feeding various groups of the adult population and in the diets of therapeutic and preventive nutrition.

Lactic acid microorganisms are potential sources of the β-galactosidase enzyme, which can be used for the hydrolysis of lactose in the production of low- and lactose-free food products, as well as a catalyst in the biosynthesis of lactulose, galactooligosaccharides, and other valuable food additives. The need of lactic acid bacteria for the presence in the cultivation medium of additional sources of carbon, nitrogen, and other components significantly increases the cost of bacterial β-galactosidases. Lactose-containing raw materials, in particular whey and its UV permeate, are a promising and fairly cheap analogue of expensive complex media for the cultivation of lactic acid microorganisms. In this work, the features of cultivation of various types of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG, Lactococcus lactis ssp.) in different types of secondary milk raw materials (whey and UV permeate) were studied.. It has been shown that cheese whey is a more favorable medium for their growth than UV permeates. The highest concentration of lactic acid was obtained in experiments with L. acidophilus. To accelerate the growth of lactic acid bacteria in the permeate; it was proposed to use the addition of 2% peptone.

The article presents data on the biochemical composition of sea buckthorn fruits zoned and grown on the territory of the Altai Territory. The information on the distinctive features of the most common varieties in the selection of Azhurnaya, Altai, Inya, Chechek, Chuiskaya is summarized. The biochemical composition of sea buckthorn fruits of these varieties has been studied. A wide variability in the content of sugars, titrated acids, ascorbic acid and aroma-forming compounds affecting the taste characteristics of sea buckthorn fruits and determining its further use has been established.

This article discusses the prospects for the development of Foodtech in the Russian Federation. Currently, digital technologies are the main driver of growth and a condition for the modernization of the catering sector. The coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which appeared in 2020, served as a huge impetus for the introduction of digital technologies to enterprises. It has been established that the following technologies have received the greatest development: the development of high-tech packages, the development and implementation of "SMART" devices and applications, food delivery services (FoodDelivery), pre-order of ready-made food (Take-Away), including the delivery of products from supermarkets (Online Grocery), which for this period of time are in great demand demand, and have a huge potential for development. One of the main places for food companies through which they are able to provide their goods and find a paying audience are marketplaces. Undoubtedly, the main advantages of marketplaces are: their growing availability, global scale, as well as improving supply chains. At the same time, the author found that complete dependence on marketplaces can lead to some factors that in the long term can negatively affect enterprises. Recommendations for leveling these factors are given. Significant directions were also highlighted that can lead to a powerful push for the promotion of digital technologies in the field of public catering.

Recently, the sphere of innovation has been actively growing. Activity in this area involves working with intellectual property. And by adding new measures to the section related to the implementation of government contracts, we can say that the state is actively studying this issue and solving possible problems. The purpose of writing the article is to study the problems in the described area. The article describes the theoretical aspects of intellectual activity, the peculiarities of regulating the rights to the results of intellectual activity, which are created within the framework of government contracts. The article also discusses the distinctive features of the management of the exclusive rights of the Russian Federation for this type of results of intellectual activity, and touches upon the problems of the execution of government contracts.

The article analyzes the features of regional political processes. The process of transformation costs in the political process is shown. The influence of the level and quality of political elites on the decision-making process is shown. The process of elite formation, including recruitment, imitating institutionalization, is considered. The role of social institutions for entering into power is shown. The differentiation methods and ways of recruiting political elites are exposed, the principles of elites (formal and informal) are outlined.

The article analyzes the modern state policy of Azerbaijan in the field of information society development and the mechanisms of its implementation. The development of the information society is one of the main tasks of the country, since the level of its development largely depends on the level of economic power and its place in the geopolitical arena. All this requires the implementation of a state policy aimed at its development. The main objectives of the state information policy are the implementation of activities to modernize the information and communication infrastructure; the implementation of measures aimed at the overall development of information technologies; the implementation of measures to enhance the use of information and communication technologies by citizens; the formation of effective legal frameworks accompanying the implementation of state policy. In addition, given that in modern conditions, the development of the information society is accompanied by the active development of digital technologies, the tasks of state policy in this area include the development of digital technologies, the development of citizens' skills to use them, ensuring information security. The expansion of the circulation and exchange of information in society with the use of new technologies has significantly enriched information policy, which is one of the important elements of democratic progress. The further development of a stable political system has opened a new stage in the political and economic development of the country. According to the authors, the information policy in Azerbaijan, including the state information policy, is currently in the period of its formation.

The problems of dehumanization and the formation of the image of the enemy in a stratified society are considered. The vertical aspect of dehumanization involves the dehumanization of an individual/group located at a different level of the social hierarchy, so this process has an ascending and descending vector. The downward vector of dehumanization involves the infrahumanization and dehumanization of individuals/groups occupying a lower position in the social structure of society. The ascending vector of dehumanization implies infrahumanization and dehumanization of individuals/groups occupying a higher position in the social structure of society.

The article deals with the main trends and contradictions in the development of Turkey's cooperation with the states of the Western Balkans at the beginning of the 21st century. The material highlights the reasons for the activation of Ankara's policy in the Western Balkans, its stages and mechanisms for the implementation of the set foreign policy goals. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that Turkey, together with the European Union, the United States and China, is becoming the main actor in international relations influencing the development of the Western Balkans.

In democratic political systems, the question of the quality and effectiveness of the local self-government system has always come first.At the same time, the development of democratic institutions suggested a mutually beneficial dialogue between the authorities and civil society.In countries with a transit system of democracy, where political institutions and civil society are in a state of formation, such dialog forms of relations have always caused numerous complaints due to constant and numerous systemic failures. The North Caucasus region has a number of specific features that are both transformational (modernist) in nature and connected with the historical ethnopolitical traditions existing here. Specificity is largely determined by existing traditions based on the experience of an original pre-state ethnodemocracy, caught up with specific power relations. At the same time, the local government systems existing here are very organically combined with ethnocratic traditions. Up to the analysis of these features this paper would be devoted.

The events of 1978-1979, which brought Khomeini and his supporters to power, completely changes the foreign and domestic policy of Iran. This phenomenon becomes one of the factors that form the modern geopolitical configuration of the region. Indicative of the historical scale of the revolution was the fact that the Persian monarchy with 2500 years of history, represented by many dynasties along with the Pahlavi dynasty, ceased to exist politically. The existing system was replaced by a clerical Shiite clergy with the teachings of Imam Khomeini's Wilayat al-Faqih. In the early years of the Islamic Republic, Tehran's foreign policy saw its political order as the ideal model of an Islamic republic for regional Muslim states. From the works of Iranian scholars studying foreign policy in the post-Islamic revolution period, the thesis of the change of revolutionary romanticism characteristic of the first years of the new political system, which manifested itself in attempts to export this model, should be highlighted. At the present stage, there is a gradual transition from romanticism to foreign policy pragmatism, which was facilitated by the era of Rafsanjani and Khatami. There has been a softening of the foreign policy, which since the 1979 revolution, has been based on two concepts - "Export of the Islamic Revolution" and "Neither East nor West, but the Islamic Republic".

The article summarizes some provisions of synergetics and assesses the possibility of their application to the objects of political science. The author suggests that the synergetic approach is applicable to the study of political processes and dynamic states of political systems. The features of political systems from the point of view of synergetics are clarified: a combination of organizational and self-organizational principles; openness and dynamism; nonlinearity and multilevelness. The conclusion is made about the applicability of the synergetic approach in studies of stable and unstable states of political systems, as well as about the prospects of using adapted provisions of synergetics in explaining crisis phenomena and transitional processes in politics.

The article is devoted to how the Ukrainian crisis of 2022, as well as the explosion of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, began the restructuring of the European energy security system. These events have returned the Caspian region to the center of international energy geopolitics. The EU wants to reduce dependence on Russian gas exports within a year. In this situation, many European governments turned their attention to Azerbaijani gas and Kazakh oil as a "lifeline" in the face of a growing crisis. This prospect means that the importance of the Caspian hydrocarbons is growing sharply, and with it the new rise of the Caspian states as important oil and gas players in Northern Eurasia.

The aim of the article is to consider the specific character of youth policy in contemporary Russia by retrospectively analyzing its establishment, its laws and regulations, its theories (types and models) conceptualized depending on youth perception patterns (as a problem or resource), the place and role of youth (as a subject or object). The action-activity-based approach, rooted in the ideas of leading sociologists P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, P. Sztompka, serves as methodological framework.

Results: The dependence of the youth policy on the president’s agenda, its secondariness, its non-publicity and uninformativity, governmental-paternalistic focus, abundant fictions and simulations, archaism, marketing logic, etc. have been revealed. These features are attributable to substitution of youth policy for its specific format – state (government) youth policy. As corrective measures, it is proposed to make the youth subjectness principle real (through the development of civil society institutions).

Conclusion: Considering that the identified problems stem from the dissonance between the youth subjectness principle declared in the scientific-theoretical discourse and regulatory environment and the absence of political will and conditions for actualizing this principle, the hope for fundamental transformation of the Russian youth policy is premature.

The article is devoted to the importance of the raw material factor in the formation of the regional international system of the Black Sea-Caspian region. The Black Sea-Caspian region in many historical times was a zone of increased geopolitical interest of many countries. For more than a decade, the modern world has felt a contradiction in the views on the position regarding problems in this region, which is primarily due to conflict situations that are determined by the problems of the international legal status of the Black Sea-Caspian region. This is due to the use of sea routes, production and transportation, logistics for the movement of hydrocarbon resources, environmental issues, as well as the problems of escalating geopolitical tensions in this region.

The material presented in the article based on specific knowledge: regional studies, mathematical statistics and environmental economics. The urgency of the problem is due to the adjustment of the mode of the development vector of the country's economy and the search for additional internal reserves, incl. coverage of regions. The theoretical basis was considered as an argument in favor of doing the work. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of regions using statistical tools. To achieve this goal, a suitable scientific method was chosen, an array of factual data was formed for 31 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was fundamentally important to show the application of different methods of the hierarchical approach of cluster analysis. Using data on the state of the environment and nature management, the expediency of dividing the regions into three groups is substantiated, their comparative characteristics and recommendations for improving the sustainability of development are given. Summing up, it can be stated that the use of the hierarchical method of cluster analysis for the study of 31 regions made it possible to present these subjects of the Russian Federation in a special author's understanding, to show geographical differences, to group them, to generalize the main statistical data on the state of the environment and nature management. The work performed corresponds to the concept of the transition of Russian regions to a new, "green" course of political and economic development.

The systemic crisis of modern Western civilisation is particularly evident in the professional condition of its ruling political class, which has produced a negative selection of elites with enviable consistency. The professional competence of the ruling class declines disastrously with each new generation. This marker is the most important criterion of crisis and degradation of what V. Pareto and G. Mosca called the elite. Actually, history is already performing its final requiem for this elite. The stream of criticism to the existing political elite testifies to its deepest professional crisis. The system of elites itself is being criticized and this criticism is becoming more and more systematic. Today we are indeed witnessing a veritable requiem for the industrial-type elite. Its supremacy is questioned not only by political scientists, but also by some politicians.

The article discusses the relevance of creating a multimedia teaching aid for teaching students to draw a plaster head, describes its concept and sections, taking into account the leading trends in art education. They put forward the thesis that there is a relationship between the idea of using multimedia educational resources in the process of teaching drawing, thus forming students' motivation to learn, as well as more effective mastering the laws of visual literacy against the background of artistic culture and skill.

The article deals with the problems of local self-government in rural areas during the agrarian reform in Russia after the First Russian revolution (1905-1907), as well as its impact on the development of agriculture. The positions of the government and society on this problem, the attitude of the State Duma and the State Council to it are considered.