In plasma physics, most of the basic questions are best covered when studying a group of configurations, each of which is capable of stable plasma retention. The behavior of the plasma is largely determined by the spatial structure that limits the magnetic field. As a result of the research, a family of related configurations was obtained, which can then be used to study scientific issues in a controlled manner. Various configurations have been investigated over time. Configurations for studying a variety of important questions in plasma physics are currently being actively explored. To build special equilibrium and stationary plasma configurations, this work considers currents in a potential-force magnetic field with a flat geometry. The specific symmetry of the selected class of stationary configurations and the connection of a special set of equilibrium configurations with stationary flows are discussed. The results of the study can be used to study the movements of incompressible plasma.

Introduction. The object of the study in this paper is the information security system. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of cryptographic protection of service information transmitted over open communication channels using the TCP/IP protocol between the TCP server and the client in the concept of an information security system. The paper provides examples of various algorithms for cryptographic protection of information when transmitting information over open communication channels. Materials and methods. This article discusses special encryption algorithms: DES, Triple DES, Rijndael, RC2 and RSA. The selection of the desired algorithm in a specific work session is carried out by selecting from the drop-down list. After specifying the type of algorithm, you should select the key length in the next drop-down list. The presence of several encryption algorithms and the presence of different key lengths will significantly improve the cryptographic strength of the system being developed, since when a sent message is intercepted, the algorithm and key length can be arbitrary, which will make it difficult for unauthorized decryption of messages. Results and discussions. World experience shows that success in the field of information security largely depends on the degree of use of the latest technologies that implement the majority of open cryptographic algorithms used. A huge number of organizations spend large amounts of money to ensure the security of information transmitted both outside and within the organization. Moreover, in the second case, as a rule, less attention is paid. But this is a pressing problem today and to solve it you need a software product. Of course, information security problems cannot be solved only by developing software products, because the human factor remains the weak point of any system. Conclusion. The solutions that are proposed based on the results of the work performed within the framework of this article will enable users to transmit and receive information through open communication channels, both within the organization and outside, thereby ensuring the protection of information from unauthorized access and modification.

The main goal of the company's development is to increase the volume of buses produced. The article has developed a forecast of the volume of bus production for 2024-2025 based on data from the last 10 years. The upward trend of the company's development is noted. The results of a systematic analysis of the indicators of the automotive company PJSC NEFAZ are presented. The forecast of output volume for two reporting periods using trend models is constructed. Also, using the method of expert assessment and multidimensional correlation and regression analysis, the factors influencing the main indicators of the company were identified. The results obtained make it possible to make informed management decisions, reduce time and money costs, and competently assess risks based on forecasts.

This article analyzes VGG, MobileNet, and ResNet architectures for medical face mask recognition in streaming video. Deep convolutional neural network is presented by Python libraries: Tensorflow, Keras, and Haar wavelets based on the models of three architectures and their comparative analysis is performed. As a result of the study it was found that the VGGNet method has many times more parameters and is slow to work, while the fastest is Resnet, its accuracy is 97.1% for 30 epochs, and MobileNet - 98.9% for 100 epochs. But according to the results of MobileNet training, it was noticeable that its accuracy increases, and we can conclude that the accuracy will definitely improve if we train on more epochs and photo images, and its compact size allows to use it on devices with modest characteristics.

The oscillating infrared drying of Gala apple peel has been experimentally studied. The product has valuable nutritional properties and is in demand in the food industry. On the developed laboratory setup for studying the oscillating infrared drying process and maintaining the temperature of the dried material at a given temperature level, drying curves were obtained at three average material temperatures: t = 37 °C; 47 °C and 57 °C. OSRAM Siccatherm lamps were used as infrared radiation sources. The drying curves contained the first and second periods, the critical moisture content was equal to (kg moisture) / (kg dry material). As a result of the drying curves analysis, it was proposed to calculate the duration of the first period based on the drying rate, determined through the mass transfer coefficient, and the duration of the second period by generalizing the drying curves using the method of V.V. Krasnikov. For the studied material, the value of the relative drying coefficient (χ = 0.0624) was found, which allows implementing this method for the studied material. Data on the preservation of vitamin C in apple peel dried at different temperatures were obtained, which allows choosing the required temperature regime.

The work is devoted to the study of the qualitative and physicochemical indicators of chitosan obtained by acid-base hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, and their comparative characteristics with an imported analogue. The introduction identifies the problem in the field of obtaining and using technological auxiliary materials in the beverage industry. The scientific task is to compare the experimentally obtained technological auxiliary materials (chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 62%, insoluble in 1% solutions of organic acids, chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 98%, soluble in 1% solutions of organic acids and imported chitosan (China) in order to obtain import substitution. Classical methods of physicochemical analysis were used as materials and methods to determine the concentration of chemical elements in chitosan samples, a statistical analysis method. It was found that a chitosan sample with a deacetylation degree of 98% has a structure similar to the structure of chitosan produced in China, chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 62% has an amorphous-crystalline structure. In conclusion, a conclusion was made about the compliance of the quality of the obtained samples with the reference chitosan, about the prospects for using chitosan in technological processes taking into account its structural features.

Introduction. The aim. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of High Pressure Processing (HPP) technology for food processing suppression and destruction of pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and methods. In the process of studying the impact of HPR technologies for the suppression and destruction of microorganisms in ready-made vegetable salads, high-pressure processing studies using the "Food Hydrostat, model 600MPa/30L" were conducted. Sampling and quality assessment were carried out in accordance with standard methods on the basis of a Testing laboratory Center (FBUZ Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region), microbiological indicators on the basis of an independent laboratory of Quality Med LLC. Results and discussion. When using high Pressure Processing (HPP) in the processing process, packaged products are placed in special containers completely immersed in water, where they are subjected to uniform compression from all sides. The process of high hydrostatic pressure is based on the application of pressure up to several thousand bar, which makes it possible to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, while preserving the nutrients and organoleptic properties of the products. This method acts on products uniformly and instantly throughout the entire volume, regardless of their shape and size, without restrictions. The conducted studies of finished products at the end of the technological process showed full compliance with the established standard for the KMAFAnM indicator (5×103 CFU/g). During the storage of both samples of HPR-treated salads, an increase in the overall level of microbial contamination is noted. However, even after 7 days of storage, all the studied samples met the established criteria for this indicator (in lg CFU/g values did not exceed 5x104 CFU/cm3), while the level of CMAFAnM in a salad sample without high-pressure treatment exceeded the standard 10 times after 7 days. Conclusion. High pressure treatment is an effective method for extending the shelf life of ready-to-eat salads. It allows you to significantly reduce the level of pathogenic microbiota and preserve the physico-chemical characteristics of products. The prospects for the use of HPR open up new opportunities to improve the safety and quality of ready-made vegetable salads, which is especially important in the conditions of the modern food market.

Introduction. The aim. To study the actual types of pharmacological activity of extracts and basic sesquiterpene lactones from the LaurusnobilisL. leaves of the noble laurel. Materials and methods.The work uses samples of Laurusnobilisleaves collected in the southern regions of the Russian Federation during the main phases of plant growth and development. We also used samples of Laurusnobilisleaves purchased in the retail chain from various manufacturers, which had the appropriate quality and safety certificates. The study of toxicity and antidiabetic activity was carried out using well known methods. The study of antitubercular activity was carried out by the nitrate reductase method. Results and discussion. Essential oil, sesquiterpene lactones (especially dehydrocostuslactone), in comparison with known antituberculosis drugs, show pronounced activity against clinical strains of tuberculosis. A comparison of the effectiveness of the course application of the developed collection with Laurusnobilisleaves in relation to the prototype collection (without laurel leaves) showed that the studied antidiabetic collection reduces blood glucose levels (to 7.6±0.15 mmol/L compared with 11.2 ±0.8 mmol/L when using the prototype collection and from 24.5±2.3 mmol/l in intact animals), as well as normalize the indicators of total cholesterol, β-lipoproteins and insulin. Conclusion. Essential oil and sesquiterpene lactones exhibit anti-tuberculosis activity against the studied clinical strains. The collection developed by the authors (with leaves of noble laurel) has hypoglycemic activity.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the technological indicators of nine red grape varieties grown in the Altai Territory. Materials and methods. The mass concentration of sugars and titratable acids determined instrumentally (refractometrically and potentiometrically, respectively), as well as the sugar-acid index (calculated indicator) were assessed as technologically significant indicators of grape quality. Several statistical methods (analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and cluster analysis) were used to analyze the experimental results. Results and discussion. The work established that the highest amount of sugars was noted for the Zilga and ChBZ grapes, the lowest - for the Fioletovyj rannij and Zagadka Sharova varieties. At the same time, the highest content of titratable acids was noted for the Schwarz Riesling, Kaberne Severnyj (for the entire observation period), as well as for the Muscat Donskoy, Dornfelder and ChBZ varieties in 2024. The Zilga, Fioletovyj rannij and Zagadka Sharova grape varieties are characterized by a high sugar-acid index, which allows them to be consumed fresh or processed into wine products. At the same time, the low content of titratable acids in the Fioletovyj rannij and Zagadka Sharova grapes allows them to be used as a blending component to reduce the acidity of high-acid grape varieties. Cluster analysis made it possible to combine the studied varieties into separate groups based on the results of determining the physicochemical indicators. Conclusion. Statistically confirmed research results allow us to conclude that a number of grape varieties (Zilga, ChBZ, Fioletovyj rannij and Zagadka Sharova) have prospects for cultivation in the Altai Territory and further use as raw materials for the production of wine products. The Kaberne Severnyj and Schwarz Riesling grape varieties have low plant adaptability to the growing conditions in the region, which does not allow them to fully realize their potential as raw materials for winemaking.

As a result of the conducted research, kinetic patterns of the drying process were obtained, which are necessary to determine the rational duration of dehydration and identify its mechanism based on the study of hygroscopic characteristics of raffinate crushed pulp of persimmon fruits. For crushed pulp of persimmon fruits, dewatering of raffinate is advisable to be carried out with convective supply of thermal energy by a heated air stream that moves orthogonally along the trajectory of the dried product. The above research results do not conflict with the results of other scientists, which makes it possible to use them in the engineering practice of the food industry in the design of plants for dehydration of plant products. It is noted that the dry raffinate from blanched persimmon contains a large proportion of dietary fiber and swelling capacity. The conducted studies allowed us to identify rational operating parameters of convective drying of fruit raffinate, namely: the speed of the drying agent equal to 2.5 m/s, its temperature 75 ° C and the filling level of the working space of the drum – 1/2 with a maximum theoretical productivity of Y =208 (kg / (m3· hour)). The temperature of the coolant differs from the final temperature of the product by 15-20 ° C, as a result of which the limiting temperature of the drying agent is assumed to be about 75 ° C, which is justified by experimental data at a higher temperature of the coolant relative to the recommended one in the article.

Food waste is a social problem because it reduces the amount of safe and nutritious foods, increases the risk of infection due to improper disposal, attracts pests, promotes the growth of harmful bacteria and exacerbates environmental problems that threaten agricultural productivity. Research objectives: to find out how hospital food waste can be converted into nutrient-rich animal feed and fertilizers by setting standards based on the amount of food waste coming from inpatient patients; to analyze how various waste treatment methods affect the growth and absorption of nutrients by larvae. This study is relevant because it examines the use of larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (H.Illucens) as a bioconversion agent in hospital settings. This is a relatively unexplored approach that promises the production of high-quality biomass for animal feed and organic matter. An effective model will help optimize the bioconversion process, thereby increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of food waste processing. Thus, this study may improve our understanding of food waste management in hospitals, especially in previously unexplored areas.

In conditions of instability of the world order, the state of chaotic international relations is increasing. Against the background of an increasing number of regional conflicts, the chances of human survival are decreasing. Emerging risks and threats (including the nuclear threat and the threat of world war) should be resolved by the joint activities of all States wishing to live in peace, and not be ready for self-destruction by building up the military-industrial complex, creating dividends for a single political and financial elite of any state.

Consumer preference studies conducted in the cosmetics industry consistently show an advantage among components of natural origin. Important criteria in the development of cosmetics are the absence of toxic, allergic reactions, the ability of intracellular delivery of active substances and the provision of prolonged biological action. It seems relevant to our creative team to develop a concentrate component based on a unique composition of whey and an effective actioxidant - nigelog from black cumin, which will meet the modern criteria of innovative cosmetics industry products.

The article is an attempt at research in the field of the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The efficiency of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to control the load at the plant, energy generation from renewable energy sources, and the use of AI in these processes is analyzed. The research of the current state and prospects of AI development in various industries and directions, the complexity in the multidimensional use of Artificial Intelligence at power plants in the areas of "green energy" are analyzed.

The article examines the features and trends in the development of integrated communications as a strategic approach in public relations in the political environment. The results and conclusions show that the political sphere, as well as other spheres of modern human activity, needs various channels and tools to create a more effective pool of interaction with a large audience of information consumers. In our opinion, in this regard, the integration approach is most appropriate, which makes it possible to better coordinate the message with a variety of key actors by using a variety of channels provided by modern development of communication tools. These can be social networks, blogs, electronic magazines and newspapers, and necessarily political events or events in the field of politics. The article also concludes that it is integrated communications that provide the greatest opportunity for various departments to integrate with all the functionality of public relations, since the activities of marketing, advertising, and departments are summarized and additionally it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of departments and companies through various metrics, which allows you to adjust strategies depending on the results.

According to leading Russian analysts, the professional activity of E.M. Primakov in the most important government posts is a benchmark for subsequent generations of politicians and diplomats. But no less interesting is his experience of scientific description and analysis of current political events, in which he himself was a real participant. In this, he reveals himself to us not only as an outstanding politician of his time, but also as an independently thinking scientist who left behind a serious scientific legacy. And although we do not find a separate geopolitical theory in his works, Yevgeny Maksimovich constantly returns to the topic of geopolitics on the pages of his works, and from these fragments a very holistic vision of the geopolitical problem is formed, which later received the name "Primakov's doctrine". The present work is devoted to the disclosure of the main points of this doctrine. In the creative heritage of E.M. Primakov, two important topics of international relations are reflected - the role of political elites and their leaders in making responsible decisions and the practical implementation of geopolitical strategies of the leading powers of the world. He pays special attention to Russia and the problem of its return to the ranks of leading world powers. This work examines the issue of geopolitical structures reflected in the scientific works of E.M. Primakov. Such structures resemble geometric figures, which is why they received the corresponding name. Leaving aside the analysis of numerous scientific publications characterizing and evaluating Primakov's scientific legacy, we will focus our attention directly on the text of Yevgeny Maksimovich, which reflects his political worldview and professional thinking.

The present article examines modern approaches to the characterization of the information policy of the Russian Federation and its regional implementation in the Chechen Republic. The trends contributing to the formation of synergistically complex power are noted, including such factors as the "digital revolution" and "digital metamorphosis". The author analyzes the conditions under which the state can effectively and sustainably control the content and semantic component of the information space. The experience of regional information policy in the Chechen Republic reveals the typological and functional features of the Ministry of Information and Press of the Chechen Republic. The methods and approaches of modeling information policy in the regional context are considered, special attention is paid to the aspect of the management plan. The traditional specific regional features of the information policy of the Chechen Republic are revealed.

This article examines the process of integration in Central Asia, as well as the relationship of the countries of this region with world powers. Since gaining independence, Central Asia has faced many interstate problems that have actualized issues of regional integration. The article analyzes the stages of integration, as well as the factors contributing to disintegration processes. The sides also discuss aspects of cooperation between the countries of the region in the field of water diplomacy and cross-border relations in order to strengthen borders with Afghanistan.

The article examines the regional aspects of the preparation, progress and results of the elections of the President of the Russian Federation in 2024. A comparative analysis of the successful election campaign in Russia and the situation with the cancellation of the elections to the Verkhovna Rada and the President of Ukraine is carried out. The delegitimization of the Kyiv regime against the backdrop of the consolidation of Russian society is, to a certain extent, a reflection of global processes of reducing the influence of the unipolar world order and consolidating new centers of power on the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation. An analysis of the impact of management measures on the economic situation in the southern region allowed us to draw conclusions about the reasons for the overall economic growth of the country, which was manifested in the growth of wages while maintaining prices for most goods, low unemployment, a general decrease in the poverty level and, ultimately, determined the election results. Among the factors of stable growth, the system of strategic planning and management is noted, assessed, among other things, by the results of the implementation of national projects. Mechanisms for the selection and education of promising leaders have been established. The high rate of development of the transport infrastructure necessary to increase trade turnover with growth centers in Asia testify to the importance of the southern regions in ensuring the geostrategic "pivot of Russia to the East". The development of mass socially significant services in the Unified Portal of State Services strengthens the feedback of government bodies with citizens, contributes to the timely identification and localization of negative situations, and the maintenance of socio-political stability, which is confirmed by the decrease in the social tension index in the region. A change in the political landscape and corresponding adjustments to the positions of parties in the domestic political space were noted. An important element of the 2024 election campaign was the growth of loyalty to the authorities among voters in large cities, which were previously the main centers of protest voting. An increase in trust in the existing system of governance was noted, but above all, in the updated foreign policy of Russia in a dynamically changing world. The article notes that many factors contributed to the success of the 2024 presidential elections. Including, paradoxically, the unprecedented pressure from Russia's geopolitical antagonists contributed to the consolidation of society in the face of an external enemy. Russian society, including regional elites, passed a serious test of strength. A change in the positions of the main parties in the country's domestic political space was recorded, the need to change many attitudes and rejuvenate party personnel was noted. A number of conclusions and forecasts were formulated, in particular, regarding the preservation of Russia's political course for the foreseeable future. The logical continuation of the 2024 presidential elections will be the 2026 elections to the State Duma. They will take place in the context of increasing pressure from the united West, which will require the socio-political and economic mobilization of the country.

The article provides a political analysis of the elections of the governor of the Stavropol Territory held in September 2024. The determinants of the political content and organizational technologies of the election of the head of the region in a broad political-chronological and political-event context are revealed. The initial ambivalent factors of V.V. Vladimirova's career growth as a top official of Stavropol are particularly emphasized. The resource factors of V.V. Vladimirova as the current governor in competition with other candidates are highlighted. The administrative resource is emphasized, as well as other properties of the head of the region in relation to the social needs of the region's population.

The article examines the features and trends in the views of the surveyed student audience in comparison with the general array of respondents regarding current socio-political processes in Russia. The results and conclusions are correlated and verified with All-Russian representative surveys and academic research on intergenerational differences in assessments and perceptions on similar topics. The article examines data on attitudes towards historical events, current socio-political processes, the conduct of a special military operation and partial mobilization, issues of self-identification, etc. The anonymous survey was conducted by means of "Anketolog" in May - June 2023 in different regions of Russia. Due to the difficulty of reaching respondents in new territories, the survey was conducted using the "snowball" method. The main research method is a comparative analysis of the data obtained using sociological information and relevant academic research. The analysis revealed that the views of the student audience (who showed interest to the survey) are characterized by a number of features. The responding group is politicized, adheres to individualistic positions. It is not ideologically homogeneous and has alternative judgments about historical events. First of all, we can identify those who positively assess modern processes and those who take critical positions. Accordingly, a dichotomy of opinions appears: some share the belief that Russia is a strong power with an independent path of development, while others see themselves as part of a European (global) civilization. The differences in views between the older generations and the youth are evidenced by All-Russian representative surveys and numerous scientific studies. In our opinion, the situation of opinion breakdown is exacerbated by the great immersion of modern youth in the digital environment, in which the algorithms of Internet media and social networks influence the nature and presentation of information.

The article outlines the main theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the essence of the sovereignty of subjects of public relations, examines the qualitative characteristics of the sovereignty of the Russian state, historically conditioned prerequisites and factors of its formation and achievement of the modern state. It is proved that Russian constitutionalism, implemented in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, state strategies and concepts, laws and other normative documents, creates the political and legal foundations for the formation and strengthening of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation.Based on the analysis of modern threats to the sovereignty of the Russian state, the conclusion is substantiated that the consolidation of society is the main direction of strengthening all components, prerequisites and factors of Russian sovereignty.

This article presents various points of view of foreign and domestic political scientists devoted to the study and analysis of political risks. The author presents the entire spectrum of theoretical definitions of the definition of "political risk", proposing to consider political risks not only as a source of negative impact, but also from the point of view of new opportunities and resources for business development. The author's point of view is presented, which considers political risks as events occurring in the political environment associated with the actions of the government and influencing political processes. As a result, basic ideas about the main parameters of political risks as a special phenomenon in international relations are formed: complexity, inconsistency, manifestation in various aspects of life, etc.

The economic efficiency of a region's development is inextricably linked with the formation of agglomerations on its territory. This process is based on the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation, which is consistent with market principles and takes into account the specifics of agglomerations. Agglomerations are managed at the regional level. In Russia, new relationships have developed between the center and the subjects, which have determined the special position and role of agglomeration regions. The process of agglomeration formation is experiencing a new stage of development, acquiring a new spatial form. This is due to the need to study not only the content of the agglomeration region, but also the methods of managing these territorial entities. This article analyzes and explores the possibilities of an integrated planning solution that takes into account the historical features of the Caucasian Mineral Waters agglomeration. Attention is paid to both the advantages and disadvantages in the development of spatial concepts. Particular attention is paid to the problems associated with the development of the street and road network and the insufficient level of organization of bypass routes around cities. This, in turn, leads to an increase in transit traffic through resort cities, which creates additional difficulties for the tourism business and requires the search for new solutions.

This article is a review of the materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (with international participation) "Current directions of anti-corruption policy in solving the problems of national security of the Russian Federation", dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Scientific and Educational Center for Anti-Corruption Legal Policy in the North Caucasian Federal District. Where current issues of combating corruption were considered, as one of the main threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed the most relevant reports, and outlined the main directions of the anti-corruption component of the North Caucasian Federal District.