The problem of adequate representation of models of real objects in the form of systems of linear equations is shown. As a solution, a method of analysis and synthesis of this class of systems with a single nonlinear element is proposed. At the same time, the article uses the criterion of absolute stability of V.M. Popov. A description of a nonlinear block implemented in the form of an executive mechanism is given. The conclusion is made about the result of modeling deposits taking into account the nonlinear element.

The study describes a way to solve the problem of good rest recreation and cultural leisure for people with visual impairments disability, namely the development and creation of the Independent Smart Assistant software and its use in the conditions of the resorts of the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation. The research project proposes a way to create a unified information system using neural networks to facilitate the performance of independent actions by visually disability impaired people by interacting with motion sensors and GPS modules.

The article discusses several projects based on neural technologies that make significant steps in helping people with disabilities, analyzes the problems that have not yet been solved, and suggests ways to solve these problems.

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the complex protection of info-communication objects, which are based on game theory, determine the relevance and practical significance of the development of mathematical models of real systems in the format offinite matrix games. The algorithm of formalization of protection processes is proposed, which ensures efficient use of resources when detecting possible incidents of violation of the protection system and/or unauthorized access. The article is devoted to the application of game theory to solving the problem of finding the optimal strategy of behavior and justification of choice in conditions of uncertainty. The essence of the problem investigated by the author is that the choice of a strategy for protecting an infocommunication object must be carried out in conditions of active opposition from a potential attacker. The relevance of the problem under consideration, according to the author, is determined by the fact that in the context of global digitalization, new approaches are needed to ensure the security of objects engaged in data collection, processing, storage and transmission. The article begins with an introduction, which sets out the goals and objectives of the study, gives a general description of the problem of using game theory as a tool that determines the norm of behavior of participants in a conflict situation. In the article, the author highlights the following problems: the expediency of using antagonistic games to solve the problem of ensuring the safety of an object, an argument is given in favor of a single-player game, supported by calculations. The article also touches upon the application of expert assessments and the method of active sociological testing, analysis and control for modeling behavior strategies. In conclusion, the author argues that the game-theoretic approach to modeling complex protection of infocommunication objects expands the capabilities of decision makers and ensures effective decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The article provides exhaustive coverage of algorithms for choosing the optimal strategy and norms of behavior in a situation with a mismatch of interests. The main value of the work lies in the analysis of the possibilities that game theory provides in modeling complex systems, both in terms of determining private protection strategies and in terms of developing an integrated approach to ensuring the integrity of an infocommunication object. From a practical point of view, the algorithms proposed by the author for calculating possible winnings in the game are of interest. The issues discussed in the article are of interest not only for researchers of information security problems, but also for practitioners in the field of designing information security systems.

In order to determine possible directions for improving the energy efficiency of technological schemes, it is necessary to assess the level of use of energy resources. For this purpose, the exergetic method of thermodynamic analysis is used to assess the thermodynamic perfection of heat-technological systems. The paper considers the influence of internal and external exergetic losses on the technological system of grain preparation for grinding.

The analysis of the prospects for the cultivation and processing of rapeseed seeds, as well as existing technologies for drying seeds of this crop and ways to increase their efficiency. A drying method is proposed that allows reducing the moisture content of rapeseed seeds to critical in one drying cycle. A series of laboratory experiments and production tests were carried out to study the kinetics of drying rapeseed seeds under quasi-isothermal conditions.

The problems of the increase in the incidence of osteoporosis among the population of the Russian Federation and the search for an effective solution to it are considered. The relevance of the use of dairy products for the prevention of osteoporosis is substantiated. The purpose of the research is to compare the implemented domestic and foreign scientific and technical developments and technological methods of cheeses enrichment with calcium salts. A scientifically based description of each of the studied methods is presented. Based on the analysis of information sources, the expediency of this functional dairy products group manufacturing has been confirmed. The forecast of the production of dairy products enriched with vitamins and minerals is made. The relevance of dairy products application for osteoporosis prophylaxis is grounded. Domestic and foreign scientific and technical developments and technological methods of cheese enrichment with calcium salts are considered. The expediency of this functional dairy products group production is proved.

For film structures that are used for the production of biodegradable packaging materials and are hydrophilic in nature, the influence of external factors, primarily moisture, will be reduced by their paraffinization, i.e. applying a thin layer of molten food paraffin to the surface of the film for subsequent protection ofpackaged food products from moisture and sunlight. In the production of moisture-repellent compositions, much attention is paid to the quality of the initial base for the production of food paraffin, where one of its important safety indicators is the absence of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons in it. One of the main characteristics of the material under study, taking into account the set goal, are its density and thermophysical characteristics (TPC). The aim of the study was to identify the regularities in the variation of TPH and in the ranges of temperature and concentration of a hexane paraffin solution corresponding to convec-tive concentration during the production of food paraffin. The objects of study were a hexane-paraffn mixture and paraffin purified from carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. The density was determined by the pycnometric method, and the TPC was determined by the method of their complex determination for bulk, liquid and pasty samples, based on the inertia of a thermal temperature sensor. As for the hexane solution, experimental studies have shown that the most rational conditions for its preparation are: the temperature of the solvent is 40 ° C, taking into account the melting point of the sample and the intensification of solvent evaporation; the ratio of technical paraffin and solvent 1:10, which is due to the almost complete solubility of paraffin. For the implementation of thermal calculation procedures in the design of apparatuses, TPH and a phexa-noparaffn composition were found analytically and experimentally within certain limits of varying the amount of solvent in it and T , which determine the method of convective concentration of the test material. The given data do not conflict with the known results of other researchers; they have been confirmed experimentally and, consequently, can be used in engineering practice.

The aim of the research is to optimize the parameters of the extraction plant for the production of CO₂ extracts. The principle of operation of the extraction unit with a CO₂ extractor, evaporator, condenser and pulsator is described. A block diagram of the production of CO2 extracts is presented. A special feature of the installation is the possibility of using miscella as a solvent. The thermophysical characteristics of heat exchange processes are calculated without taking into account the influence of local velocities of liquid and gaseous CO2 on the boiling and condensation characteristics, taking into account only the volumetric nature of boiling and surface condensation in the conditions of interaction with pipe heat exchange elements. Under the conditions of volumetric boiling of the solvent, the calculation of the evaporator for the separation of the miscella is carried out. The information obtained can be used in the design of gas-liquid installations. The principle of operation of the extraction unit with a CO2 extractor, evaporator, condenser and pulsator is described. A special feature of the installation is the possibility of using miscella as a solvent. Under the conditions of volumetric boiling of the solvent, the calculation of the evaporator for the separation of the miscella is carried out.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are widely used in high performance sports and fitness. It is worth noting their ability to reduce muscle damage and the inflammatory response after strength loads, improve the function of external respiration and normalize the athlete's body composition. Nevertheless, the direct use of PUFAs in food and beverages is limited by their low solubility in water and high sensitivity to oxidation, and therefore various antioxidants are introduced into their composition, a striking representative of which is astaxanthin, which, according to various scientific data, demonstrates effective use as a nutritional support, providing the body with the necessary elements for its construction and renewal, supplying the necessary amount of energy and substances involved in the regulation of physiological processes, as well as weakening vascular remodeling, suppressing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, improving the function of mitochondria. However, there are practically no works devoted to the study of various safety forms of PUFAs during storage. Nevertheless, they can be a potential source of danger to the body, due to the fact that during the oxidation process, oxidation products are formed, such as glycidol ethers, epoxides, secondary oxidation products, insoluble in petroleum ether, which have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In this regard, the aim of our study is to compare the biological effectiveness and safety of encapsulated forms of PUFAs with and without an antioxidant. The work uses generally accepted methods that normalize the safety and quality offats, regulated by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fats. The following indicators were investigated: determination of the concentration of epoxides; determining the acid number by reaction with concentrated phosphoric acid; peroxide number by reaction with sodium thiosulfate; determination of the total content of oxidation products insoluble in petroleum ether. As a result of the study of the fat component of the test samples, the acid number is 5.8 mg KOH / g, which is twice the maximum allowable value. These are not stable components, they react with each other or with other oxidation products and their content varies. The amount of epoxides in the studied capsules is 48.4 mmol / kg, which is approximately twice the permissible level, which cannot but cause concern for scientists around the world. The number of epoxides is not standardized in any of the regulatory and technical documents, but scientific studies have proven that these products are toxic. The safety indicators of the fat component regulated by the technical regulations of the Customs Union do not fully reflect the safety requirements for the fat component of biologically active additives, since there are no standards for the most important safety indicators of fats - the content of secondary oxidation products.

The article presents the results of the study: changing the organoleptic parameters of white wheat bread from premium flour, by replacing part of the flour with a mixture of flour from corn and chickpeas in experimental proportions, and enriching bread with kombucha noculate in order to obtain an innovative food product for therapeutic and preventive nutrition ofpeople suffering from diabetes mellitus I and II Type.

The innovative development of industries depends on specialists capable of innovative activities, trained in modern universities. Scientific and innovative activity is based on scientific and technical creativity. The concept and essence of creativity have been formed and transformed over the centuries, taking into account the characteristics of the stages of development of society. A distinctive feature of modern society is techno-materiality, which implies the design and construction of innovations with given properties using information technologies. The priority scientific direction in the development of the food industry is the design of specialized products, which are multicomponent systems as a result of engineering creativity. The multidimensionality of the creative activity of a new generation specialist is shown, which is the integration of sciences and special disciplines in the scientific and educational process of the university. The relevance of designing new products for special purposes in the system "science, education - production - market" is shown, in which at each stage of the process of creating an innovation it is recommended to apply methods of scientific and technical creativity.

This article examines the main types of tourist recreation on the Crimean peninsula. The problems in the field of organizing cultural tourism recreation, namely in the organization of catering establishments located near the museum and exhibition complexes, have been identified.

Over the past several years, governments across the democratic spectrum have repeatedly resorted to excessive oversight and discriminatory restrictions on freedoms, movement, and mass gatherings. Violent restrictions by non-state actors were applied. A large amount of false information, in some cases deliberately created by political leaders, concealed reliable information and misled hundreds of citizens. There was a need to maintain stable democracy and new forms of its manifestation. Such a task requires balanced legislation and institutions to protect against the accumulation of power in the hands of the minority.

At the beginning of the XXI century, the institution of the state faces new challenges and risks associated not only with new ambiguous trends of globalization processes in the world, but also with challenges and threats in the political, socio-economic spheres, and in general, political stability and sustainable development. In this context, the search for new and promising resources for ensuring political stability and sustainable development and an adequate response to emerging threats and challenges in the implementation ofpolitical governance become particularly relevant areas of state activity. Therefore, the bureaucratic apparatus of the state is forced to turn to civil society. And for this purpose, the state is interested in stimulating the emergence and formation of civil society institutions. With the coming to power of Vladimir Putin, the issues of the development and functioning of civil society have become one of the most important areas in the political process of modern Russia. In this regard, one of the most important factors determining the direction of the development of civil society in Russia was and remains the public position of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, who acts as a central figure in building interaction between the authorities and civil society institutions, and in general, the development and activation of civil society. In this context, the study of the main directions of attracting the resource of civil society seems to be quite relevant.

In the article, the author, having analyzed a wide range of relevant scientific literature, identifies three approaches to the definition of political participation: «optimistic», «pes-simistic» and «realistic». Proving the prevalence of the «realistic» approach in modern research, he comes to the conclusion that scientists are analyzing a wide variety offorms ofpolitical participation, which requires systematization. As a result, he offers the author's typology of political participation forms, which includes seven criteria.

Perestroika and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union caused severe social disturbances and challenges to national security in almost all newly formed states of the post-Soviet space. The weakened power of Moscow reenergized ethno-political conflicts in the Caucasus (Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Chechnya) and provoked separatism in Moldova (Gagauzia, Transnistria), exacerbated interethnic contradictions in Central Asia. Post-Soviet ethno-political conflicts, that is related to the issues of political self-determination of ethnic groups, were entirely concentrated in the region called the wider Black Sea region, which, in addition to the coastal states, includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, and also some Balkan countries. The high conflict potential of the wider Black Sea region, combined with its absolute geostrategic significance, predetermined the importance of the region for the interests of such key actors in contemporary international relations as NATO and the EU, acting as a united political player, and the Russian Federation. Turkey plays a special role in the region, skillfully balancing between the interests of the collective West and Russia and promoting an independent agenda.

The advance of Russia and Great Britain to the borders of Eastern Persia in the last third of the XIX century: the geopolitical interests of the parties and the problem of scientific development of the region.

The question of the national idea of the Russian state at all times aroused genuine interest in the scientific community, in political circles, among philosophers and thinkers. It remains relevant in modern Russia, which has faced the globalization challenges of the secular world. At different social levels, the topic of the national idea provokes lively discussions and contributes to the emergence of a number of research projects. Purpose: to look at the choice of a national idea through the prism of Orthodox spiritual and moral values. Methodology: a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the history of the development of a national idea in Russia, a synthesis of modern views on this problem, a generalization of the data obtained, the formation of specific proposals for the future. As a result of a retrospective look at Russian history, it was revealed that it was the Orthodox factor that was the key in the choice of national ideas for the Russian state. This is due to the unique role of Orthodoxy in the life of society, which is difficult to overestimate. Despite the secular nature of modern Russia, Orthodoxy remains one of the most important self-identifiers of the Russian people. At the same time, in the scientific discourse, the topic of the study of the role of Ortho-doxy in the formation of the Russian national idea has a weak response, while in society and the state this problem is becoming increasingly relevant. In this regard, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to attract the attention of the scientific community to this topic in order to develop a scientifically grounded basis for the formation of a high-quality and effective modern national idea based on Orthodox spiritual and moral values.

The socio-economic and political space, represented by urban agglomerations, as a special phenomenon of innovative development, is distinguished by a variety of organizational forms of management, national characteristics and traditions. Based on domestic practice of agglomeration processes, a complex of accumulated problems in this business area is considered. Their elimination will contribute to the formation of a modern model of the spatial organization and development of the country's economy, the achievement of agglomeration effects.

The article examines the consequences of the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. Socio-political and economic changes and trends are generalized and systematized. Along with the aspects common to the entire world community, specific approaches and measures to counter the spread of the pandemic taken in the Russian Federation are highlighted, the specifics of the situation in the South of Russia are touched upon.

The article is devoted to the principles and tools of lean management, as well as the results of applying the concept of lean management in enterprises. The authors describe in detail the process of implementing integrated approaches of lean technologies at enterprises, which can become the basis for effective management of large projects and programs in many areas of activity.

The process of obtaining high-quality biodiesel from vegetable oils is not fully understood. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly product, which makes it competitive with classic petroleum fuels. The biodiesel production process is influenced by many factors, the main of which are considered in this work.

The article describes the methods of heat treatment of the product, the features of each method, their advantages and differences from each other using the example of pancakes with meat. The following methods were chosen as heat treatment: frying in a pan, frying in an airfryer, baking in an oven, cooking in a microwave oven.