Introduction. The phenomenon of self-excitation of acoustic oscillations due to heat transfer has been known for a long time, but its study has only recently begun due to the development of high- pressure combustion chambers. These oscillations can destabilize combustion, but they can also be beneficial by increasing the heat load and reducing the combustion time. The study of wave modes in combustion is important both theoretically and practically. Most studies have focused on homogeneous media, but real systems such as "liquid droplets-oxidizer" or "solid particles-oxidizer" exhibit unique wave dynamics. A deeper understanding is needed to comprehend these processes and manage fluctuations.

Goal. Based on the model of interacting continua, the problem of weakly nonlinear wave disturbances in a limited volume of a chemically reacting two-phase mixture of monodisperse solid particles in a gaseous oxidant is considered. The study takes into account that the dynamic and thermal interaction of the phases affects the dissipation and dispersion of the phase sound velocity. The method of slowly changing amplitudes allowed the system of mass, energy, and momentum conservation equations to be reduced to a nonlinear wave equation. Equations for the steady-state amplitudes of oscillations were obtained. The effect of dispersion caused by the difference in temperatures and phase velocities on the nonlinear interaction of standing waves is discussed. It is shown that the dependence of the speed of sound on frequency limits the transfer of energy up the spectrum, increasing the amplitudes of the first overtones.

Materials and methods. Using the method of slowly varying amplitudes, the system of mass, energy, and momentum conservation equations for both phases is reduced to a single nonlinear wave equation.

Results and discussion. Equations are obtained for determining the values of the established amplitudes of oscillations. The influence of dispersion caused by the non-coincidence of temperatures and velocities of gas-suspension phases on the nonlinear interaction of standing waves is investigated.

Conclusion. This article presents a study of the behavior of acoustic disturbances in a limited volume of burning gas suspension. The goal of the study was to obtain a single nonlinear wave equation that describes the evolution of pressure in the furnace. The analysis is based on the assumption that the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion, and non-conservation of oscillations on wave amplitudes are negligible. This assumption allows us to use the method of decomposition of the solution into eigenmodes of the linear conservative problem to solve the obtained equation. The decomposition procedure reduces the original wave equation to an infinite system of ordinary differential equations for complex amplitudes. Within this approach, the values of the steady-state amplitudes of the standing waves were found, which represents an important contribution to the understanding of the dynamic processes in combustion systems. Thus, the study demonstrates a high degree of analytical rigor and mathematical accuracy, as well as a deep understanding of the fundamental principles.

Introduction. This article examines the operational characteristics of a bistatic radar system installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and substantiates the selection of an optimal antenna- feeder system for it. The importance of considering the influence of the UAV body, made of conductive material, on the antenna directivity and polarization of emitted signals is emphasized. A lack of sufficient information and recommendations regarding the selection of an antenna-feeder system for a bistatic radar system installed on UAVs is noted, which determines the relevance of this study.

Goal. The objective of this work is to develop requirements for the selection, calculation, and modeling of an antenna-feeder system that meets operating conditions within a bistatic radar system. Materials and methods. The stages of development and testing of the selected solution are presented, including determining the technical requirements for the antenna-feeder system, assessing the applicability of existing antenna designs, calculating and manufacturing prototypes, and conducting experimental studies. The specialized Antenna Designer software package in MATLAB was used to model and optimize the characteristics of microstrip antennas.

Results and discussion. The results of the studies revealed that microstrip antennas provide unidirectional radiation, stable electrical parameters across the operating frequency range, and easy manufacturing. The design advantages of microstrip antennas identified during the studies are described.

Conclusion. A conclusion is reached regarding the feasibility of using microstrip antennas for the tasks being solved, and a direction for further research related to the development of two-element antenna arrays to improve the efficiency of bistatic radar systems is proposed.

Introduction. The article discusses the integration of spectral analysis of network behavior and modern biometric authentication methods.

Goal. The goal of the research is to improve the security of distributed computing systems. Further research prospects include the use of wavelet transformations for analyzing non-stationary traffic, and the adaptation of detection thresholds based on the user's context.

Materials and methods. The model includes the use of Fourier series to analyze the periodicity of network processes, as well as the use of FaceNet, VGGFace, and IrisCode for the correct identification of users. A correlation model is presented that combines the biometric and spectral characteristics of a user, allowing for the formation of an integrated risk indicator.

Results and discussion. A numerical analysis has been conducted to demonstrate the possibility of separating normal users and attackers based on the spectral characteristics of their behavior. The graphical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of Fourier series decomposition allows for the formalization of a user's behavioral profile in the frequency domain and the identification of high-frequency components characteristic of automated attacks.

Introduction. The article explores the potential of Agentic AI as a tool for automating the sales of insurance products. The study also analyzes the architecture of the agent system, including natural language processing (NLP) modules, client interaction modules, decision-making modules, and integration with CRM systems.

Materials and methods. The article examines decision-making algorithms that combine machine learning methods with rule-based approaches, enabling intelligent agents to autonomously initiate client interactions, provide personalized recommendations, and adapt to client behavior.The automation of insurance product sales is particularly important due to the growing digitalization of the industry, high competition, and the increasing demand for personalization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive approach that combines quantitative evaluation of agent systems in the insurance sector with implementation and design. The article outlines how autonomous intelligent agents can influence a company's economic indicators and enhance the client experience.

Results and discussion. The study also considers the impact on long-term forecasting accuracy, associated with client behavior, data volume, and the timelines of the pilot project implementation. The practical significance of the article is based on the development of an agent system and its implementation in a large insurance company.

Conclusion. The analysis demonstrated effective acceleration of application processing, reduction of acquisition costs, increased client retention, and significant improvements in ROI and conversion rates. The study focuses on the implementation of a pilot project for a single type of insurance product; further research could extend this approach to other products and market segments.

Introduction. To date, the nature of the compression waves observed in the solar corona in the extreme ultraviolet range has not been clarified. The established approach to the problem of heating the coronal plasma is based on the concept of magnetoacoustic waves generated in the lower layers of the atmosphere. However, numerous observations and analyses of the spectra of compression waves show features that differ significantly from those of conventional waves.

Results and discussions. We have proposed a new model that considers a sequence of individual localized disturbances instead of a regular wave.

Conclusion The practical significance of the article is based on the properties of acoustic waves, the dynamics of which are significantly influenced by the thermal conductivity and radiation of the plasma, which has shown that the observed features can be explained on a completely different basis. We believe that what is actually observed are chains of localized disturbances generated in the lower atmosphere.

Introduction. This study examines the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to enhance the efficiency of collagen extraction from animal-derived raw materials. The relevance of the work is driven by the need to replace traditional organic extractants with safer and more controllable media that ensure protein structural stability while reducing environmental impact.

Goal. The aim of the research is to identify optimal DES compositions capable of providing high collagen yield at low temperatures and under mild technological conditions, as well as to determine the descriptors influencing extraction performance.

Materials and methods. The analysis is based on calculated physicochemical descriptors of DES components and modeling of collagen yields using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. A total of 120 combinations of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), including metal-containing and natural systems, were evaluated. The data were normalized and used to construct a comparative table of descriptors and predictive characteristics.

Results and discussion. DESs containing Lewis acids Zn²⁺ and Sn²⁺ were found to exhibit reduced polarity and moderate viscosity, which together provide the highest predicted collagen yields. Natural NADES showed slightly lower efficiency but offered advantages in terms of food safety. The constructed bar chart visualizes the superiority of metal-containing systems compared to a classical control DES.

Conclusion. It has been established that the combination of structural descriptors and machine learning enables reliable prediction of DES efficiency and minimizes the volume of laboratory testing. Metal-containing systems are the most promising candidates for subsequent experimental verification.

Introduction. The lack of protein in the human diet is a problem faced by the population of many countries around the world. An effective solution is the use of protein supplements, including whey protein concentrate (WPC), in the production of dairy products such as fermented milk drinks, ice cream, cottage cheese, and cottage cheese products. This study investigated the effect of WPC on the quality characteristics of low-fat cottage cheese and 5% fat cottage cheese.

Materials and methods. The doses of KSB added to milk mixtures were 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3%.

Results and discussion. The thermostability of milk mixtures for cottage cheese with KSB during heat treatment and the effect of whey protein concentrate on the acid-forming capacity of a starter based on mesophilic lactococci (Lac. lactis) during milk fermentation were studied. The yield of the finished product was evaluated, and the organoleptic, physical-chemical, and rheological properties of the cottage cheese samples with KSB were determined.

Conclusion. The research allowed for the selection of a 5% fat-content cottage cheese sample with a 1% dosage of ultrafiltered whey protein concentrate (UF-WPC) and a sample of low-fat cottage cheese with a 0.5% dosage of UF-WPC. It was concluded that cottage cheese enriched with whey protein concentrate can be used to produce curd products with a soft, plastic, and spreadable consistency.

Introduction. Bidens cernua L. is a promising medicinal plant producing flavonoids and polyacetylenes; however, it has been insufficiently studied and has no established pharmacopoeial quality standards for the medicinal plant materials obtained from it.

Goal. To develop a set of standardized quality indicators for "Bidentis cernuae herba", including macro- and microscopic characteristics, numerical standards, and chromatographic identification methods, for its standardization and potential use in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplement production.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on samples of the aerial parts of Bidens cernua collected in the Moscow Region and Stavropol Krai. Standard pharmacopoeial methods (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th edition) were used to determine morphological, microscopic characteristics, and numerical indicators (moisture, ash content, impurities, extractives). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the qualitative analysis of polyacetylenes and flavonoids.

Results and discussion. Diagnostic macro- and microscopic properties of the raw material were established. Based on the experimental data, the following standards were proposed: moisture – no more than 12%; total ash – no more than 7%; ash insoluble in 10% HCl – no more than 2%; organic impurity – no more than 2%; mineral impurity – no more than 1%; extractive substances (70% ethanol) – no less than 30%. TLC identification methods for polyacetylenes and flavonoids were developed and validated to confirm the authenticity of the raw material.

Conclusion. The developed set of quality indicators allows standardizing the raw material of "Bidentis cernuae herba". The obtained results substantiate its potential for the creation of a dietary supplement with antioxidant, capillary-strengthening, anti-inflammatory and dermatotropic activity.

Introduction. Introduction Medicinal plants play an important role in medicine, especially in traditional systems, where plant extracts account for a third of all remedies, especially for the treatment of skin diseases. In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in their bioactive components, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. These extracts are effective in combating age-related skin changes and improving skin appearance and function. They are used in over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, and food products for the prevention of chronic diseases. Modern research confirms their effectiveness in the treatment of dermatological diseases. Extracts of aloe, chamomile, and calendula are used in cosmetics, while extracts of turmeric and green tea are used in the food industry as antioxidant additives. Materials and methods.

Materials and methods. The aim of the present study is a comprehensive study of the effect of the hydro-modulus (the ratio "raw material (g): extractant (ml)") on the physical and chemical characteristics of extracts of biologically active compounds (BAS) obtained from various plant sources, as well as the optimization of the parameters of microencapsulation of sodium alginate. The following objects were selected as part of the study: Calendula officinalis L. flowers, Salvia officinalis L. leaves, Yarrow grass (Achillea millefolium L.), and the aerial part of Callisia fragrans. The extraction parameters were standardized as follows: temperature 50 °C, hydro-moduli 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15, 2-hour maceration method using distilled water. Sodium alginate and calcium chloride were used for microencapsulation.

Conclusion. Research has shown that microencapsulated extracts of calendula and sage are promising for cosmetics and functional food products due to their high bioavailability and stability of active components. Microencapsulation improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the extracts, increasing their solubility and dispersion. This enhances the consumer properties of the products. The extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, as well as contain biologically active substances that have a positive impact on health. The introduction of microencapsulated extracts opens up new opportunities for creating innovative products that meet modern market requirements.

This article analyzes the problem of preserving cultural heritage in the context of rapid technological transformation, which has a significant impact on cultural values and practices. The author conducts a philosophical reflection on the relationship between traditions and innovations, exploring how technological changes transform cultural space and identity. This study examines the mechanisms of interaction between innovative processes and traditional cultural forms, as well as their impact on sociocultural dynamics. Special attention is given to the issues of continuity and adaptation of cultural heritage in the context of globalization and digitalization.

Introduction. A method for observing of compressive waves in the solar corona in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range is presented. Goal. Obtaining a time signal with two periods that are observed in the global wavelet

Materials and methods. The analysis uses data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft, as well as the Sunpy and Scalogram library sets. Results and discussion. Based on one of the works, an observation method was tested, as a result of which the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations characteristic of compressive waves was demonstrated

Conclusion. Quasi-periodic oscillations have formed the basis for a new approach to understanding the nature of compression waves.

Introduction. The current social reality is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and unpredictability, which significantly increases the demands on individuals' adaptive abilities. In the context of global instability, research on maladaptive behavioral patterns, including the phenomenon of procrastination, has gained significant attention. Procrastination, as a cognitive-behavioral avoidance strategy, can lead to serious negative consequences, such as decreased productivity, emotional exhaustion, and feelings of personal failure. Chronic procrastination is often rooted in an individual's underlying inability to effectively cope with uncertainty. This relationship is an important subject of theoretical analysis, allowing us to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that shape procrastination behavior.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of this theoretical study is systemic analysis, which allowed us to consider the phenomena of procrastination and tolerance to uncertainty as complex, multi-component constructs that are in dynamic interaction. Within this approach, a comprehensive approach was implemented, including general scientific and theoretical- psychological methods, which ensured a comprehensive study of the phenomena under investigation and their relationships. Results and discussion. The subjective attitude of an individual towards various aspects of human existence is a fundamental element of mental organization that serves as an important link between the objective manifestations of the mind and the individual's internal position. In the context of this analysis, procrastination should be viewed not as an autonomous phenomenon but rather as a behavioral symptom caused by a low tolerance for uncertainty. Conclusion. A theoretical analysis has shown that low tolerance for uncertainty predicts procrastination, creating a cognitive-affective basis. The main mechanisms include anxiety, perfectionism, expectations of failure, and a lack of flexible planning. A comprehensive approach is important for combating procrastination, including the development of tolerance for uncertainty. Effective methods include CBT, decision-making training, emotional regulation techniques, and exposure therapy. Research prospects include the empirical validation of the model and the development of programs for developing tolerance for uncertainty.

Introduction. In the 21st century, the problems of state security have undergone radical transformations due to the diversity, dynamism, and contradictions of the modern world. The current era is characterized by the involvement of all humanity in global processes, which are accelerated by unprecedented scientific and technological progress and are accompanied by the exacerbation of social, economic, raw materials, and other problems that have acquired a planetary scale.

Research methodology. Until the 1990s, research on international security in both domestic and foreign academic literature focused on issues related to the increasing interdependence of states and peoples around the world, the globalization of the economy, and the emergence of weapons of mass destruction. During this period, there was a strong emphasis on preventing global conflicts and ensuring the stability of international relation.

Results and discussion. The article is devoted to the problems and correlation of conceptual links between national and international security in the modern international world order.

Conclusion. Thus, the analysis of the transformations of Russia's national security system in recent years allows us to identify key trends and factors that determine its development. This, in turn, contributes to a deeper understanding of strategic priorities and directions for improving national security in a dynamically changing world.

Introduction. The magnetic field of solar corona is directly related to solar activity, including flares and coronal mass ejections. It is also directly linked to the formation of the constantly outgoing streams of solar plasma, known as the solar wind. Specifically, solar wind sources are concentrated in regions of the so-called open magnetic field. The structure of field, location, and shape influence the speed of the plasma streams. Therefore, it is crucial to compare the calculated open magnetic flux with the value obtained from direct observations.

Goal. Compare the results of magnetic flux calculations with the data obtained from various observatories

Materials and methods. In this paper, the data validation is carried out using photospheric magnetic maps constructed using ground-based telescopes, the Kislovodsk Astronomical Station and GONG, in 2024.

Results and discussion. Calculations have shown that the discrepancy between the observed and calculated open magnetic flux is significant, typical for the maximum of solar activity.

Conclusion. Apparently, the accuracy of the potential model is not sufficient to obtain an adequate coronal magnetic field that would allow the open magnetic flux to be taken into account fully.

Introduction. The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for analyzing the political process in the new subjects of the Russian Federation – the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions. The relevance of the study is due to the uniqueness of their integration path, combining post-conflict transformation, institutional building and socio-cultural adaptation within the legal framework of Russia.

Goal. To systematize the main theoretical concepts and develop a comprehensive methodological approach to studying the political process in the new regions of Russia, identifying its specific features and stages.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature on political regionalism, transitology and integration theory. Methods of institutional, comparative-political and systemic analysis are used, as well as content analysis of regulatory legal acts and public speeches of key political actors.

Results and discussion. The key stages of the political process are identified: the conflict-separatist stage (until 2022), the legitimation-integration stage (2022-2023) and the stage of systemic institutionalization (from 2024). The necessity of applying a synthetic model of analysis combining the tools of transitology (accounting for non-linearity and the role of elites) and theories of political integration (assimilation and accommodation) is substantiated. Special attention is paid to complicating factors: the consequences of hostilities, the need to form a new political identity, the integration of local elites into all-Russian political practices.

Conclusion. The political process in the new regions is hybrid, multi-level and non-linear. Its effective study requires a rejection of classical linear transit models in favor of comprehensive approaches that take into account the unique context of post-conflict integration, the dominant role of the federal center and the dynamics of interaction between formal institutions and informal practices. A promising area of research is a comparative analysis of the integration trajectories of the new subjects of the Russian Federation among themselves and with other post-conflict regions of the world.

Introduction. The Special Military Operation (SVO), launched in 2024, has become not only a military-political, but also a deep socio-political frontier for Russian statehood. She has intensified the processes of transformation of power structures and personnel renewal at various levels of government. Goal. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the mechanisms, channels and criteria for the formation of new groups of the political elite in Russia in the conditions of the SVR, as well as to assess their impact on the political system.

Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of a wide range of open sources, including biographical databases, official documents, media texts, and social media materials for the period 2022-2024. The methodological framework is interdisciplinary and based on a synthesis of qualitative approaches: institutional analysis to study changes in selection rules and procedures; biographical (prosopographic) analysis to reconstruct collective portraits and career trajectories of "new" appointees.; a critical discourse analysis of public statements and media narratives to identify legitimizing criteria; a comparative case study for an in-depth study of the specifics of regional and sectoral recruitment.

Results and discussion. In the course of the work, it was found that the key trend is the formation of a new hierarchy, in which the dominant positions are occupied by holders of competencies that are critically important for conflict management and ensuring national security in a broad sense. This led to the effect of "force drift" — the expansion of immigrants from the military, special services and law enforcement agencies into civilian spheres of government, economics and diplomacy. In parallel, a class of "mobilization technocrats" has emerged in the military-industrial complex and logistics, whose effectiveness is measured by concrete, measurable results in the face of sanctions. The most important social invention was the accelerated institutionalization of a new media and ideological elite (military officers, patriotic bloggers, and hosts of propaganda shows), which performs the functions of meaning-making, mobilization, and direct communication. The system of selection criteria has changed qualitatively: loyalty has evolved towards active public ideological engagement; effectiveness has been redefined as the ability to achieve goals in extreme conditions of the "front" and "rear", often bypassing procedures; public performativity of course support has become a prerequisite for legitimacy.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the special military operation acted as a catalyst for a profound and probably irreversible transformation of the elite structure. Instead of situational personnel changes, a stable outline of a new ruling group has been formed, the core of which is based on a synthesis of power capital, mobilization effectiveness and ideological identity. This leads to the articulation and consolidation of a new social norm in the elite consciousness, which is characterized by statism, centralization, confrontational thinking and the primacy of security over other social goals. The long-term consequences will be the strengthening of authoritarian tendencies, the redistribution of resources and influence in favor of the military and military-industrial blocs, as well as the formation of a specific model of post-crisis management, inherited from wartime logic of emergency, hierarchy and permanent mobilization.

Introduction. The resettlement of peoples and their establishment in a new territory is a long- term historical process that is influenced by a variety of political, socio-economic, and conflict-related factors. Over time, ethnic groups that have relocated can form full-fledged diasporas that become active participants in the political process.

Materials and methods. In this context, the phenomenon of the Muhajirs of the North Caucasus, who, having experienced several waves of migration to the Ottoman Empire, are currently settled in various countries of the Middle East, is of significant research interest. The Muhajirs include the Circassians, the Nogais, the peoples of Dagestan, and others. The Chechens, who played a role in the political development of the modern Middle East, were also forced to relocate. Currently, the Chechen people are predominantly settled in Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey. However, their diaspora status and opportunities for participation in the political process vary in each of these countries.

Results and discussion. Equations are obtained for determining the values of the established amplitudes of oscillations. The influence of dispersion caused by the non-coincidence of temperatures and velocities of gas-suspension phases on the nonlinear interaction of standing waves is investigated. This is primarily due to the fact that all of these countries have their own specific features of government, as well as face numerous conflicts at the interfaith and interethnic levels. Consequently, there is a scientific and practical need to study the historical and political context of the formation of the Chechen diaspora in the Middle East in order to gain a deeper understanding of the political process in the region and the influence of the diasporas on it. The article provides a brief historical analysis of the emergence of the Chechen diaspora in Middle Eastern countries, taking into account the specific features of their political life. Special attention is given to the role played by Chechens in the development of Middle Eastern countries after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, as well as during the post-colonial period.

Conclusion. Based on this research approach, the current characteristics of the Chechen diaspora in the countries of the region are identified.

Introduction. In the digital media environment, there is a steady increase in information distrust associated with the accelerated spread of fake news and synthetic deepfake content. Modern media generation technologies have radically complicated verification procedures and increased the skeptical perception of news reports by the audience. In the context of fragmentation of information flows and algorithmic content distribution, traditional journalistic control mechanisms are experiencing structural limitations, which require a rethink of professional strategies to counter disinformation.

Goal. To conduct an analytical study of the phenomenon of information distrust and systematize journalistic strategies for countering fakes and deepfake content, taking into account technological, institutional, and educational factors.

Materials and methods. The work uses materials from international research reports, statistical data from opinion polls, publications from specialized media organizations, and analytical reviews on disinformation and media trust. The methodological framework is based on comparative analysis, a critical review of the literature, the systematization of empirical data, and the interpretation of statistical indicators reflecting the dynamics of audience trust and the effectiveness of applied practices.

Results and discussion. A steady decrease in the level of trust in news sources has been established against the background of increasing audience awareness of manipulative technologies. It is shown that deepfake content enhances the effect of total doubt, in which even professionally prepared journalistic information falls under suspicion. The practices of fact-checking, automated detection of synthetic materials, and preventive audience awareness are analyzed; their functional limitations and potential when used together are revealed. The importance of inter-editorial cooperation and interaction with technological platforms to deter large-scale disinformation campaigns was noted.

Conclusion. The presented research demonstrates that countering information distrust requires a comprehensive combination of journalistic, technological, and educational measures. The system integration of fact- checking, verification tools, and media literacy programs helps to increase the stability of the information space and reduce the destructive impact of fakes and deepfake content. The findings expand the analytical understanding of the transformation of trust in digital media and are of practical value for editorial strategies and research developments in the field of communications.

Introduction. The article examines the philosophical and political aspects of determining the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation.

Goal. Identification of philosophical and political aspects of the definition in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms and the specifics of the activities of the Russian state and its bodies to ensure and protect them. Goal. Identification of philosophical and political aspects of the definition in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms and the specifics of the activities of the Russian state and its bodies to ensure and protect them.

Materials and methods. The study uses the Constitution of the Russian Federation, other legislative acts of the Russian Federation and international documents describing the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms in the USSR, the Russian Federation and other states. The methods of linguistic, historical, formal-legal and comparative-legal analysis revealed and described the philosophical and political aspects of the relationship between the concepts of human rights and freedoms, his duties in Russian constitutional law and the international legal system.

Results and discussion. The study revealed significant differences between philosophical, political science and legal scientific schools about the essence of the phenomena referred to by the term "human and civil rights and freedoms", as a result of which the main provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were not fixed in the legal documents of states, but adopted as guidelines for national doctrines defining the content of rights and freedoms. a person and a citizen in most countries.

Conclusion. The conducted research allows us to assert that in Russia, in specific historical conditions, a peculiar system of human and civil rights and freedoms has been created. It is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other documents, the content of which is determined by the dominant culture, worldview and legislation in society. The system of human and civil rights and freedoms includes traditional norms of natural law and imperiously modifiable norms of social relations, which acquire a temporary, situational character. In Russia, the guarantors of ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms are the President of the Russian Federation, other public authorities, state bodies and public associations authorized to perform law enforcement and human rights functions.

Introduction. Critical elitology is a branch of large elitology that deals with the verification of elitological knowledge, the establishment of the authenticity of elitism (which makes an individual an elite), and the examination of professional sufficiency in the professional activities of elite communities. Elitology itself is understood as a comprehensive discipline about the essence of the phenomenon of the elite and elitism in their historical development. As experience shows, not all judgments about the elite meet scientific standards. As is well known, criticism always implies an analysis, discussion of someone or something in order to evaluate the merits and identify the shortcomings. In relation to elitology, its critical part performs the role of an internal inquisitor (investigator). A critical approach disciplines and accustoms to a careful and more responsible attitude towards information.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the place and role of critical elitology in the system of elitological knowledge.

Materials and methods. The article uses a systematic approach and a historiographical analysis of recent elitological studies.

Results and discussion. It is noted that elitological values change depending on the historical era and require constant dialectical support. Special attention is paid to the issues of verification and exposure of falsification. Some relevant aspects of the practical activities of critical elitology are considered.

Conclusion The role of the cultural elite is emphasized, especially in the context of recent developments in digital technologies and artificial intelligence.

Introduction. The article provides a conceptual analysis and the author's definition of the term "elite", which is actively used in journalism and scientific literature, but does not have a clear terminological meaning.

Materials and methods. The author suggests understanding an elitist as a representative of a stratum close to the elite, but not one of them: this is a person with elite inclinations and potential, who, however, does not have enough authority, responsibility and fame to be considered a full-fledged elite.

Results and discussion. A classification system is introduced ("elite subject", "elite person", "elite personality") to more accurately describe the stratification within elite groups. The role of elitarians as "acting elites" in the context of the crisis of traditional elites is revealed, and the concept of "elitarium" is explored as a symbolic space for the functioning of elites, with a distinction made between political and cultural elitariums.

Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the substitution of the true elite by the elitists is a key characteristic of the current political crisis.

Introduction. Russian-Thai trade relations have developed in waves and remain well below their potential. Goal. To identify key phases of development and barriers in bilateral trade in the period 2010–2024 and determine ways to intensify cooperation within the EAEU framework.

Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of Russia and Thailand's foreign trade statistics, the institutional framework of bilateral cooperation, and the dynamics of negotiations on establishing an FTA between the EAEU and Thailand.

Results and discussion. Periods of growth (early 2010s), decline (after 2014), and stagnation (2022–2024) were identified, as well as systemic barriers: absence of an FTA, weak logistics, and Russia's marginal share in Thailand's trade (<0.3%). The trade structure is complementary: raw materials from Russia vs. finished goods from Thailand.

Conclusion. Concluding an FTA between the EAEU and Thailand is a key instrument for bringing trade to a new level, diversifying trade turnover, and realizing the potential of the "Greater Eurasian Partnership".

Introduction. The article presents a description of the evolution of concepts of power and statehood in Islamic political and legal thought from the classical period to the present day, examining the interrelation between religious doctrines and the political practice of Muslim society.

Goal. To identify problems and prospects for the development of Islamic political and legal doctrine in the context of transforming notions of the legitimacy of power and forms of government.

Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of primary sources of classical Muslim jurisprudence, philosophical treatises, and works of contemporary Islamic thinkers, employing historical-comparative and comparative-legal methods. The normative-legal approach of the fuqaha (al-Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, al- Ghazali) is compared with the ethical-philosophical views of Muslim philosophers (al-Farabi).

Results and discussion. The study revealed significant differences between the Sunni contractual model of legitimizing power and the Shia doctrine of the imamate. The transformation of Islamic political thought in the 20th–21st centuries was traced: from the secular ideas of Ali Abdel Raziq to the concepts of political Islam by al-Maududi and Sayyid Qutb, as well as contemporary debates on Islamic democracy.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that contemporary Islamic political and legal doctrine demonstrates flexibility and pluralism, allowing various forms of government provided they implement the fundamental objectives of Sharia.

Introduction. Modern journalism operates in a dynamically developing digital media space, where the processes of creating, distributing, and protecting content acquire new legal and ethical dimensions. This article examines the specifics of the implementation and protection of journalists' copyrights in Russia, analyzes the legal framework for regulating intellectual property in the media sector, and identifies current issues and contradictions between the principle of freedom of speech and the protection of the author's creative individuality. Special attention is given to the problems of corporate authorship, editorial processing, violations of rights on the Internet, and the development of mechanisms for digital attribution of authorship. Digitalization of the media has not only expanded distribution channels, but also radically complicated the issues of establishing and protecting copyrights, giving rise to a number of unique legal conflicts. The study is based on an analysis of the regulatory framework, court practice, and professional and ethical codes of journalism.

Materials and methods. As a result, the paper proposes ways to improve law enforcement practices and legal culture in the media sector.

Results and discussion. The key role is played by the development of legal culture and professional ethics, which involves both improving the legal literacy of journalists themselves and fostering a responsible approach among media organizations and content consumers.

Conclusion. The paper concludes that there is a need for an interdisciplinary approach to protecting the copyrights of journalists, which combines legal, ethical, and technological tools.