The role of wireless sensor networks in improving the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex: a systematic review

Introduction. The modern agro-industrial complex faces challenges that require a transition to precision, resource-saving, and adaptive management methods. Wireless sensor networks are considered a key technological foundation for the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. However, a gap persists in the literature regarding the lack of a systematic analysis of the integration potential of WSNs and their comprehensive impact on the operational, economic, and environmental efficiency of the agro-industrial complex at all stages of the value chain.

Goal. The aim of this systematic review is a comprehensive analysis of the role of WSNs in improving the operational, economic, and environmental efficiency of the agroindustrial complex, as well as identifying key technological trends, implementation barriers, and promising directions for future research.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search for relevant publications for the period 2021–2026 was performed in the Scopus database using a defined search strategy. Study selection was carried out according to PICOS criteria, focusing on empirical works dedicated to the application of WSNs in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex. For the analysis, methods of qualitative thematic synthesis, bibliometric visualization (VOSviewer), and critical assessment of study quality were used.

Results and discussion. Five key thematic research clusters were identified, confirming their interdisciplinary nature. It was established that WSNs have a significant positive impact on the key performance indicators of the agro-industrial complex, such as increasing yield by up to 43%, saving water by up to 50% and fertilizers by up to 32%, and reducing energy consumption by up to 50%. The technological component of WSNs is evolving towards hybrid cloud-edge architectures with artificial intelligence integration. An analysis of barriers hindering the active application of this technology in the agro-industrial complex was performed.

Conclusion. WSNs are the technological core for building an efficient and sustainable agro-industrial complex. This review systematizes evidence of their positive impact on KPIs and highlights architectural and integration trends. For the full realization of WSNs' potential, further interdisciplinary research is needed, aimed at overcoming technical and economic barriers, developing standards, and creating adaptive solutions that consider local conditions.

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