Philosophical and political aspects of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms in Russian Federation

Introduction. The article examines the philosophical and political aspects of determining the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation.

Goal. Identification of philosophical and political aspects of the definition in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms and the specifics of the activities of the Russian state and its bodies to ensure and protect them. Goal. Identification of philosophical and political aspects of the definition in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms and the specifics of the activities of the Russian state and its bodies to ensure and protect them.

Materials and methods. The study uses the Constitution of the Russian Federation, other legislative acts of the Russian Federation and international documents describing the essence of human and civil rights and freedoms in the USSR, the Russian Federation and other states. The methods of linguistic, historical, formal-legal and comparative-legal analysis revealed and described the philosophical and political aspects of the relationship between the concepts of human rights and freedoms, his duties in Russian constitutional law and the international legal system.

Results and discussion. The study revealed significant differences between philosophical, political science and legal scientific schools about the essence of the phenomena referred to by the term "human and civil rights and freedoms", as a result of which the main provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were not fixed in the legal documents of states, but adopted as guidelines for national doctrines defining the content of rights and freedoms. a person and a citizen in most countries.

Conclusion. The conducted research allows us to assert that in Russia, in specific historical conditions, a peculiar system of human and civil rights and freedoms has been created. It is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other documents, the content of which is determined by the dominant culture, worldview and legislation in society. The system of human and civil rights and freedoms includes traditional norms of natural law and imperiously modifiable norms of social relations, which acquire a temporary, situational character. In Russia, the guarantors of ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms are the President of the Russian Federation, other public authorities, state bodies and public associations authorized to perform law enforcement and human rights functions.

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