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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная наука и инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Science and Innovations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-910X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2307-910X.2026.1.15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msi-1837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ислам в СССР: эволюция государственных стратегий от воинствующего атеизма к управляемой инкорпорации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islam in the Soviet Union: the evolution of state strategies from militant atheism to managed incorporation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-9810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Алиевич Керимов – доктор политических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой политических наук департамента политологии и социологии,</p><p>д. 51, пр. Ленина, Екатеринбург, 620000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Kerimov – Dr. Sci. (Politic.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Political Sciences of the Department of Political Science and Sociology,</p><p>51, Lenin Ave., Yekaterinburg, 620000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kerimov68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Албаков</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Albakov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Али Шабазгирейевич Албаков – соискатель кафедры политических наук департамента политологии и социологии,</p><p>д. 51, пр. Ленина, Екатеринбург, 620000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali Sh. Albakov – Applicant for the Department of Political Science, Division of Political Science and Sociology, </p><p>51, Lenin Ave., Yekaterinburg, 620000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">albakovcand@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет им. Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Керимов А.А., Албаков А.Ш., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Керимов А.А., Албаков А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kerimov A.A., Albakov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1837">https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1837</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается эволюция политики советского правительства в отношении ислама с 1920-х по 1980-е гг. Проведенный анализ показывает, что первоначальный марксистский подход, который рассматривал религию как «реликт», был сформирован под влиянием практических задач управления многонациональной империей и защиты внешнеполитических интересов. В исследовании выделяются несколько этапов, каждый из которых характеризуется различными стратегиями: от тактического сотрудничества и жестких репрессий в начальный период до создания системы мусульманских духовных управлений (ДУМ) вовремя и после войны. Особое внимание уделяется периоду «оттепели», когда административное и бюрократическое давление привело к расколу в религиозной сфере и появлению «параллельного» ислама. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается влияние «афганского фактора» (1979-1989), который послужил катализатором политизации исламской идентичности и внедрения радикальных интерпретаций. В работе сделан вывод, что советская политика, которая эволюционировала от отрицания ислама к его инструментализации, не смогла достичь цели полной секуляризации. Вместо этого она способствовала укреплению ислама в частной сфере и накоплению потенциала для протеста. Наследие этой политики – двойственность официальных и неофициальных религиозных институтов – продолжает оказывать влияние на постсоветские общества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the evolution of the Soviet government's policy toward Islam from the 1920s to the 1980s. The analysis demonstrates that the initial Marxist approach, which viewed religion as a "relic," was shaped by the practical challenges of governing a multinational empire and safeguarding foreign policy interests. The study identifies several distinct stages, each characterized by different strategies: from tactical cooperation and severe repression in the early period to the establishment of the system of Spiritual Administrations of Muslims (DUM) during and after the war. Particular attention is paid to the "Thaw" period, when administrative and bureaucratic pressure led to a schism within the religious sphere and the emergence of a "parallel" Islam. Furthermore, the article explores the influence of the "Afghan factor" (1979-1989), which served as a catalyst for the politicization of Islamic identity and the introduction of radical interpretations. The conclusion is drawn that Soviet policy, which evolved from the denial of Islam to its instrumentalization, failed to achieve the goal of complete secularization. Instead, it contributed to the entrenchment of Islam in the private sphere and the accumulation of protest potential. The legacy of this policy - the duality of official and unofficial religious institutions - continues to influence post-Soviet societies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственно-конфессиональные отношения в СССР</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>Духовные управления мусульман (ДУМ)</kwd><kwd>воинствующий атеизм</kwd><kwd>секуляризация</kwd><kwd>религиозная политика</kwd><kwd>атеистическая пропаганда</kwd><kwd>религиозная «оттепель»</kwd><kwd>религиозное диссидентство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>state-religious relations in the USSR</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>Spiritual Administrations of Muslims (DUM)</kwd><kwd>militant atheism</kwd><kwd>secularization</kwd><kwd>religious policy</kwd><kwd>atheistic propaganda</kwd><kwd>religious "Thaw"</kwd><kwd>religious dissent</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennigsen A., Wimbush S. E. 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