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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная наука и инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Science and Innovations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-910X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2307-910X.2025.4.23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msi-1815</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы власти и государственности в исламской политико-правовой мысли</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of power and statehood in Islamic political and legal thought</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хапчаев</surname><given-names>С. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khapchaev</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Султан Таласович Хапчаев – кандидат юридических наук, начальник кафедры конституционного и гражданского права. . ResearcherID:OZF-6636-2025.</p><p>Д. 43, проспект Кулакова, Ставрополь, 355000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sultan T. Khapchaev – Cand. Sci. (Law), Head of the Department of Constitutional and Civil Law.</p><p>43 Kulakov Avenue, Stavropol, 355000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hapchaev82@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2906-3497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масалов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masalov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Григорьевич Масалов - доктор политических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры конституционного и гражданского права.</p><p>Д. 43, проспект Кулакова, Ставрополь, 355000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr G. Masalov – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Civil Law.</p><p>43 Kulakov Avenue, Stavropol, 355000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masalovag@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский филиал Краснодарского университета МВД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>206</fpage><lpage>215</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хапчаев С.Т., Масалов А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хапчаев С.Т., Масалов А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khapchaev S.T., Masalov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1815">https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1815</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье представлено описание эволюции концепций власти и государственности в исламской политико-правовой мысли от классического периода до современности, исследуется взаимосвязь религиозных доктрин с политической практикой мусульманского общества.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выделение проблем и перспектив развития исламской политико-правовой доктрины в контексте трансформации представлений о легитимности власти и формах государственного устройства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование построено на анализе первоисточников классической мусульманской юриспруденции, философских трактатов и работ современных исламских мыслителей с применением историко-сравнительного и сравнительно- правового методов. Сопоставляются нормативно-юридический подход факихов (аль-Маварди, Ибн Таймии, аль-Газали) и этико-философские воззрения мусульманских философов (аль- Фараби).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе работы обнаружены существенные различия между суннитской договорной моделью легитимации власти и шиитской доктриной имамата. Прослежена трансформация исламской политической мысли в X–XXI веках: от классических идей аль-Фараби до концепций политического ислама аль-Маудуди и Сайида Кутба, а также современных дискуссий об исламской демократии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По итогам проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что современная исламская политико-правовая доктрина демонстрирует гибкость и плюралистичность, допуская различные формы государственного устройства при условии реализации основополагающих целей шариата.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article presents a description of the evolution of concepts of power and statehood in Islamic political and legal thought from the classical period to the present day, examining the interrelation between religious doctrines and the political practice of Muslim society.</p></sec><sec><title>Goal</title><p>Goal. To identify problems and prospects for the development of Islamic political and legal doctrine in the context of transforming notions of the legitimacy of power and forms of government.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of primary sources of classical Muslim jurisprudence, philosophical treatises, and works of contemporary Islamic thinkers, employing historical-comparative and comparative-legal methods. The normative-legal approach of the fuqaha (al-Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, al- Ghazali) is compared with the ethical-philosophical views of Muslim philosophers (al-Farabi).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The study revealed significant differences between the Sunni contractual model of legitimizing power and the Shia doctrine of the imamate. The transformation of Islamic political thought in the 20th–21st centuries was traced: from the secular ideas of Ali Abdel Raziq to the concepts of political Islam by al-Maududi and Sayyid Qutb, as well as contemporary debates on Islamic democracy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that contemporary Islamic political and legal doctrine demonstrates flexibility and pluralism, allowing various forms of government provided they implement the fundamental objectives of Sharia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исламская политико-правовая мысль</kwd><kwd>халифат</kwd><kwd>имамат</kwd><kwd>шариат</kwd><kwd>государственность</kwd><kwd>политический ислам</kwd><kwd>исламская демократия</kwd><kwd>легитимность власти</kwd><kwd>шура</kwd><kwd>умма</kwd><kwd>теократия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Islamic political and legal thought</kwd><kwd>caliphate</kwd><kwd>imamate</kwd><kwd>Sharia</kwd><kwd>statehood</kwd><kwd>political Islam</kwd><kwd>Islamic democracy</kwd><kwd>legitimacy of power</kwd><kwd>shura</kwd><kwd>ummah</kwd><kwd>theocracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартольд В. 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