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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная наука и инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Science and Innovations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-910X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2307-910X.2022.4.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msi-1382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕТОДЫ ИММОБИЛИЗАЦИИ β-ГАЛАКТОЗИДАЗ И ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В БИОСИНТЕЗЕ ЛАКТУЛОЗЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>METHODS FOR β-GALACTOSIDASE IMMOBILIZATION AND THEIR USE IN LACTULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-2778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табакова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabakova</surname><given-names>Y. Al.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Табакова Юлия Александровна, аспирант кафедры прикладной биотехнологии факультета пищевой инженерии и биотехнологий</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tabakova Yuliya A., Postgraduate Student, Department of Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tabakova.j@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-8709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябцева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabtseva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябцева Светлана Андреевна, профессор кафедры прикладной биотехнологии факультета пищевой инженерии и биотехнологий, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ryabtseva Svetlana A., Professor, Department of Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabtseva07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-9061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпак</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpak</surname><given-names>M. Al.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпак Мария Александровна, доцент кафедры технологии машиностроения и технологического оборудования инженерного института, кандидат технических наук</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shpak Maria A., Associate Professor of the Department of Engineering Technology and Technological Equipment of the Engineering Institute, Ph.D.</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.bratsikhina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-3007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазанова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazanova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сазанова Серафима Николаевна, аспирант кафедры прикладной биотехнологии факультета пищевой инженерии и биотехнологий</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sazanova Serafima N., Postgraduate Student, Department of Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serafima.sazanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSAEI HE "North-Caucasus Federal University"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Табакова Ю.А., Рябцева С.А., Шпак М.А., Сазанова С.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Табакова Ю.А., Рябцева С.А., Шпак М.А., Сазанова С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tabakova Y.A., Ryabtseva S.A., Shpak M.A., Sazanova S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1382">https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1382</self-uri><abstract><p>β-галактозидаза является одним из наиболее важных ферментов, используемых в пищевой промышленности, который может применяться в пищевой, технологической и экологической областях. Использование β-галактозидазы для гидролиза лактозы в молоке и сыворотке является одним из перспективных ферментативных применений в пищевой и молочной перерабатывающей промышленности. Фермент можно использовать как в растворимой, так и в иммобилизованной формах. Было обнаружено, что иммобилизация является удобным методом для придания ферменту термостабильности и предотвращения потери ферментативной активности. Целью данного обзора является обобщение и анализ информации о методах иммобилизации фермента β-галактозидазы и возможности его применения для биосинтеза лактулозы. Несмотря на то, что в большинстве отраслей промышленности по-прежнему гидролизуют лактозу свободным ферментом, иммобилизация β-галактозидазы представляет большой интерес из-за ее потенциальных преимуществ. Изучено, что иммобилизованные ферменты способны повысить их стабильность и устойчивость к условиям среды. Также иммобилизация фермента дает возможность использовать его повторно, и его можно легко отделить от продукта. Эти преимущества позволяют существенно снизить стоимость процесса. Различают следующие методы иммобилизации: физическая адсорбция, ковалентное связывание и метод захвата. Адсорбция является простейшим методом иммобилизации, основанный на слабых силах между матрицей и ферментами, к которым относятся силы Ван-дер-Ваальса, гидрофобные взаимодействия и водородные связи, а также более сильные ионные взаимодействия. Ковалентное связывание представляет собой удержание ферментов на поверхности носителя за счет образования ковалентной связи. Метод захвата заключается в физическом заключении ферментов в небольшом пространстве, например, в мембранах или матрицах. Необходимо правильно подобрать материал для иммобилизации, он должен обеспечивать возможность повторного использования и легкого извлечения фермента. Нанобиокатализаторы выступают как инновационная область, сочетающая биотехнологии и нанотехнологии с целью повышения стабильности ферментов в биотехнологических приложениях. Нанобиокатализаторы представлены в виде нанолистов, каркасов из нановолокон, нанотрубок и нанокомпозитов для получения наноматриц с большой площадью поверхности. Кроме того, их поверхность можно легко регулировать для введения лиганда для сборки ферментов. В настоящее время получение лактулозы в промышленных условиях основано на изомеризации лактозы в щелочных средах при высоких температурах. Недостатком таких технологий является дорогостоящее удаление катализаторов, оставшейся лактозы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>β-galactosidase is one of the most important enzymes used in the food industry, which can be applied in food, technology and environmental fields. The use of β-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in the food and dairy processing industries. The enzyme can be used in both soluble and immobilized forms. Immobilization has been found to be a convenient method for rendering the enzyme thermally stable and preventing loss of enzymatic activity. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze information on the methods of immobilization of the β-galactosidase enzyme and the possibility of its application for the biosynthesis of lactulose. Although most industries still hydrolyze lactose with the free enzyme, immobilization of β-galactosidase is of great interest due to its potential benefits. It has been studied that immobilized enzymes can increase their stability and resistance to environmental conditions. Also, the immobilization of the enzyme makes it possible to reuse it and it can be easily separated from the product. These advantages can significantly reduce the cost of the process. There are the following methods of immobilization: physical adsorption, covalent bonding and capture method. Adsorption is the simplest immobilization method based on weak forces between the matrix and enzymes, which include van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, as well as stronger ionic interactions.Covalent bonding is the retention of enzymes on the surface of a support by forming a covalent bond. The entrapment method consists in the physical confinement of enzymes in a small space, such as in membranes or matrices. It is necessary to choose the right material for immobilization, it must be reusable and easy to extract the enzyme. At present, the production of lactulose under industrial conditions is based on the isomerization of lactose in alkaline media at high temperatures. The disadvantage of such technologies is the costly removal of catalysts, remaining lactose and reaction by-products. The solution to this problem may be the use of enzymes to produce lactulose. Under certain conditions, in the presence of fructose, β-galactosidases can catalyze the reactions of lactulose synthesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммобилизация</kwd><kwd>β-галактозидаза</kwd><kwd>методы иммобилизации</kwd><kwd>биосинтез</kwd><kwd>лактулоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immobilization</kwd><kwd>β-galactosidase</kwd><kwd>methods of immobilization</kwd><kwd>biosynthesis</kwd><kwd>lactulose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябцева С.А. Технология лактулозы. М: ДеЛи принт, 2003. – 232 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рябцева С.А. Технология лактулозы. 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