<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная наука и инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Science and Innovations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2307-910X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msi-1307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КУРОРТНО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY OF RESORT AND RECREATION COMPLEX</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ КЛИМАТА КАВКАЗА В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE CLIMATE CHANGE OF THE CAUCASUS AS A RESULT OF THE GLOBAL WARMING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лимарева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Limareva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nlimareva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабос</surname><given-names>В. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cabos</surname><given-names>W. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">william.cabos@uah.es.</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искьердо</surname><given-names>А. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izquierdo</surname><given-names>A. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alfredo.izquierdo@uca.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sein</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.sein@awi.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский Федеральный Университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Алкалы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Alcala</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кадисский Университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Cadiz</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт полярных и морских исследований им. Альфреда Вегенера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лимарева Н.С., Кабос В..., Искьердо А..., Сеин Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лимарева Н.С., Кабос В..., Искьердо А..., Сеин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Limareva N.S., Cabos W..., Izquierdo A..., Sein D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1307">https://msi.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1307</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем исследовании мы рассматриваем потенциальное воздействие изменения климата на температуру, атмосферные осадки и некоторые экстремальные погодные явления в районе Кавказа в результате изменений концентрации парниковых газов согласно сценариям RCP4.5 и RCP8.5. Мы использовали региональную климатическую модель высокого разрешения для динамического даунскейлинга результатов глобальной климатической модели MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute Earth System Model). Результаты даунскейлинга значительно отличаются от данных глобальной модели MPI-ESM. В частности, существует четкое различие в характере изменения средней температуры и осадков между Южным и Северным Кавказом. Южный Кавказ, вероятно, будет в большей степени подвержен изменениям климата выраженным в сильном повышении температуры и уменьшении количества осадков. Эту разницу, по-видимому создает значительно более высокое разрешение Большого Кавказского хребта. Прогнозируемые изменения сезонного среднего количества осадков показывают аналогичную величину и пространственную структуру в обоих сценариях, однако летнее увеличение количества событий сильных осадков намного сильнее в RCP8.5. Увеличение  количества сильных дождей сопряжено с уменьшением количества осадков в целом. Таким образом, будущий режим осадков будет связан с менее частыми и более интенсивными их эпизодами в большей части региона, особенно на Южном Кавказе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present a study of the potential impact of climate change on the temperature, precipitation and on some extreme weather events in the Caucasus region according to the 4.5 and 8.5 RCP scenarios. We apply a dynamic downscaling technique with a high-resolution regional model forced by the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). In contrast to the driving MPI-ESM, there is a clear difference in the pattern of mean temperature and precipitation changes between the South and North Caucasus, with the former likely more affected by projected changes with a strong increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation. It seems that it is the better resolved Great Caucasus mountain range that causes the difference. Projected changes in seasonal mean of heavy precipitation show a similar magnitude and spatial pattern in both scenarios, being the summer increase in the magnitude of the heavy precipitation events much stronger in RCP8.5. The strong increase in heavy rain is associated to a strong decrease in precipitation. Then, the future precipitation regime will be associated to less frequent and more intense precipitation episodes in most of the region, especially in the Southern Caucasus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>климат</kwd><kwd>изменение температуры</kwd><kwd>количество осадков</kwd><kwd>глобальная климатическая модель</kwd><kwd>даунскейлинг</kwd><kwd>climate</kwd><kwd>temperature change</kwd><kwd>rainfall</kwd><kwd>global climate model</kwd><kwd>downscaling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander L. V., X. Zhang, Т. C. Peterson, et al. 2006. Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res. Ill, D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander L. V., X. Zhang, Т. C. Peterson, et al. 2006. Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res. Ill, D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dominguez М., Romera R., Sanchez E„ Fita L„ Fernandez J., Jimenez-Guerrero P., Montalvo J. P., Cabos W. D„ Liguori G., Gaertner M. A. Precipitation and temperature extremes under present climate over Spain from a set of high resolutionRCMs.Climate Research2013;58: 149-164. DOI: 10.3354/cr01186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dominguez М., Romera R., Sanchez E„ Fita L„ Fernandez J., Jimenez-Guerrero P., Montalvo J. P., Cabos W. D„ Liguori G., Gaertner M. A. Precipitation and temperature extremes under present climate over Spain from a set of high resolutionRCMs.Climate Research2013;58: 149-164. DOI: 10.3354/cr01186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fields et al. (2014) Climate change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fields et al. (2014) Climate change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frich P., Alexander L. V., Della-Marta P., Gleason B„ Haylock M„ Klein Tank A. M. G„ Peterson T. (2002) Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Clim Res 19:193-212. doi:10.3354/cr019193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frich P., Alexander L. V., Della-Marta P., Gleason B„ Haylock M„ Klein Tank A. M. G„ Peterson T. (2002) Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Clim Res 19:193-212. doi:10.3354/cr019193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giorgi F., Mearns L. O. (1999) Introduction to special section: Regional climate modelling revisited. J Geophys Res 104:6335-6352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giorgi F., Mearns L. O. (1999) Introduction to special section: Regional climate modelling revisited. J Geophys Res 104:6335-6352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagg W., Shahgedanova М., Mayer C., Lambrecht A., Popovnin V. A sensitivity study for water availability in the Northern Caucasus based on climate projections, Global and Planetary Change, 2010, 73, 3-4,161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagg W., Shahgedanova М., Mayer C., Lambrecht A., Popovnin V. A sensitivity study for water availability in the Northern Caucasus based on climate projections, Global and Planetary Change, 2010, 73, 3-4,161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hewitson В.С., Daron J., Crane R. G. et al. Interrogating empirical-statistical downscaling. Climatic Change (2014) 122: 539. doi: 10.1007/s 10584-013-1021-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hewitson В.С., Daron J., Crane R. G. et al. Interrogating empirical-statistical downscaling. Climatic Change (2014) 122: 539. doi: 10.1007/s 10584-013-1021-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob D., Elizalde A., Haensler A., Hagemann S., Kumar P., Podzun R., Rechid D., Remedio A. R., Saeed F., Sieck K, Teich-mann C., Wilhelm C. Assessing the transferability of the regional climate model REMO to different coordinatedregional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) regions.Atmosphere. 2012; 3: 181-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob D., Elizalde A., Haensler A., Hagemann S., Kumar P., Podzun R., Rechid D., Remedio A. R., Saeed F., Sieck K, Teich-mann C., Wilhelm C. Assessing the transferability of the regional climate model REMO to different coordinatedregional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) regions.Atmosphere. 2012; 3: 181-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob D., Petersen J., Eggert B. et al. EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research Reg Environ Change (2014) 14: 563. doi:10.1007/sl0113-013-0499-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob D., Petersen J., Eggert B. et al. EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research Reg Environ Change (2014) 14: 563. doi:10.1007/sl0113-013-0499-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jungclaus J. Н., N. Fischer, Н. Наак, К. Lohmann, J. Marotzke, D. Matei, U. Mikolajewicz, D. Notz, and J. S. von Storch (2013), Characteristics of the ocean simulations in MPIOM, the ocean component of the MPI-Earth system model, /. Adv. Model.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jungclaus J. Н., N. Fischer, Н. Наак, К. Lohmann, J. Marotzke, D. Matei, U. Mikolajewicz, D. Notz, and J. S. von Storch (2013), Characteristics of the ocean simulations in MPIOM, the ocean component of the MPI-Earth system model, /. Adv. Model.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotlarski S., Keuler K., Christensen О. B., Deque М., Gobiet A., Gorgen K., Jacob D., Liithi D., van Meijgaard E., Nikulin G„ Suklitsch М., Teichmann C., Vautard R., Warrach-Sagi K. (2013) Regional climate modelling on European scales: a joint standard evaluation of the Euro-CORDEX RCM ensemble. Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1297-1333, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotlarski S., Keuler K., Christensen О. B., Deque М., Gobiet A., Gorgen K., Jacob D., Liithi D., van Meijgaard E., Nikulin G„ Suklitsch М., Teichmann C., Vautard R., Warrach-Sagi K. (2013) Regional climate modelling on European scales: a joint standard evaluation of the Euro-CORDEX RCM ensemble. Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1297-1333, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kottek М., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z„ 15, 259-263. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kottek М., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z„ 15, 259-263. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maier-Reimer E. Design of a closed boundary regional model of the Arctic Ocean (1997), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.: Workshop on polar processes in global climate, 13-15 Nov, 1996, 72-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maier-Reimer E. Design of a closed boundary regional model of the Arctic Ocean (1997), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.: Workshop on polar processes in global climate, 13-15 Nov, 1996, 72-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss R. H. et al., 2010: The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature, 463,747756, doi:10.1038/nature08823.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss R. H. et al., 2010: The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature, 463,747756, doi:10.1038/nature08823.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sein D. V., U. Mikolajewicz, M. Groger, I. Fast, W. Cabos, J. G. Pinto, S. Hagemann, T. Semmler, A. Izquierdo, and D. Jacob (2015), Regionally coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-marine biogeochemistiy model ROM: 1. Description and validation, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 7, 268-304, doi:10.1002/2014MS000357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sein D. V., U. Mikolajewicz, M. Groger, I. Fast, W. Cabos, J. G. Pinto, S. Hagemann, T. Semmler, A. Izquierdo, and D. Jacob (2015), Regionally coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-marine biogeochemistiy model ROM: 1. Description and validation, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 7, 268-304, doi:10.1002/2014MS000357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sillmann J. &amp; Roeckner E. Indices for extreme events in projections of anthropogenic climate change. Climatic Change, 2008, 86: 83. doi:10.1007/sl0584-007-9308-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sillmann J. &amp; Roeckner E. Indices for extreme events in projections of anthropogenic climate change. Climatic Change, 2008, 86: 83. doi:10.1007/sl0584-007-9308-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz P.The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World (Doubleday, 1996).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz P.The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World (Doubleday, 1996).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valcke S. (2013) The OASIS3 coupler: A European climate modelling community software, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 373388, doi:10.5194/gmd-6-373-2013, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valcke S. (2013) The OASIS3 coupler: A European climate modelling community software, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 373388, doi:10.5194/gmd-6-373-2013, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
